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Lithospermic acid ((+)-Lithospermic acid) is a plant-derived polycyclic phenolic carboxylic acid isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, and has the anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective activity on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver damage in vitro and in vivo .
Salvianolic acid B is an active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza, which has been widely applied in China for the management of various microcirculation-related disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetic vascular complication.
Monomethyl lithospermate activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, which plays a protective role in nerve injury. Monomethyl lithospermate can improve the survival ability of SHSY-5Y cells, inhibit the breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMOP) and inhibit cell apoptosis. Monomethyl lithospermate also reduced the level of oxidative stress in the brain tissue of rats with middle artery occlusion (MCAO) and improved nerve damage in rats with ischemic stroke (IS) .
CP7-FP13-2 is a peptide with antivirulence factor and antibacterial activity. CP7-FP13-2 inhibits the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm and has good antibacterial efficacy in mice .
Cagrilintide is an investigational novel long-acting acylated amylin analogue, acts as nonselective amylin receptors (AMYR) and calcitonin G protein-coupled receptor (CTR) agonist. Cagrilintide induces significant weight loss and reduces food intake. Cagrilintide has the potential for the research of obesity .
Cagrilintide acetate is a non-selective AMYR/CTR agonist and long-acting acylated amylase analogue. Cagrilintide acetate causes a reduction in food intake and significant weight loss in a dose-dependent manner. Cagrilintide acetate can be used in obesity studies .
BMSpep-57 is a potent and competitive macrocyclic peptide inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction with an IC50 of 7.68 nM. BMSpep-57 binds to PD-L1 with Kds of 19 nM and 19.88 nM in MST and SPR assays, respectively. BMSpep-57 facilitates T cell function by in creasing IL-2 production in PBMCs .
BMSpep-57 hydrochloride is a potent and competitive macrocyclic peptide inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction with an IC50 of 7.68 nM. BMSpep-57 hydrochloride binds to PD-L1 with Kds of 19 nM and 19.88 nM in MST and SPR assays, respectively. BMSpep-57 hydrochloride facilitates T cell function by in creasing IL-2 production in PBMCs .
(d(CH2)51,Tyr(Me)2,Orn8)-Oxytocin (OVT) is an oxytocin receptor antagonist. (d(CH2)51,Tyr(Me)2,Orn8)-Oxytocin can be used for the research of neurological disease .
HS-291 is a HtpG inhibitor of Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb). HS-291 contains BX-2819 (high affinity for Bb HtpG), PEG linker, and Verteporfin (HY-B0146) (a photoactive toxin).HS-291 produces reactive oxygen species under light activation to oxidize HtpG and a discrete protein subset near chaperone proteins and can quickly and irreversibly inactivate Bb .
Survodutide (BI 456906) is a potent, selective glucagon receptor/GLP-1 receptor (GCGR/GLP-1R) dual agonist with EC50s of 0.52 nM and 0.33 nM in CHO-K1 cells, respectively. Survodutide, a 29-amino-acid peptide, is a potent acylated peptide containing a C18 fatty acid. Survodutide has robust anti-obesity efficacy achieved by increasing energy expenditure and decreasing food intake .
Survodutide (BI 456906) TFA is a potent, selective glucagon receptor/GLP-1 receptor (GCGR/GLP-1R) dual agonist with EC50s of 0.52 nM and 0.33 nM in CHO-K1 cells, respectively. Survodutide TFA, a 29-amino-acid peptide, is a potent acylated peptide containing a C18 fatty acid. Survodutide TFA has robust anti-obesity efficacy achieved by increasing energy expenditure and decreasing food intake .
Methyl L-leucinate, methyl ester of L-leucine, is an alpha-amino acid ester. Methyl L-leucinate is a derivative of methyl ester and L-leucine, a class of compounds containing both amino and carboxyl groups in the molecule .
Glu-Glu is a glutamic acid derivative containing amino and carboxyl groups. Glu-Glu is an analogs of acidic tripeptide and can contribute to calcium absorption .
Coronatine is a plant growth regulator produced by Pseudomonas syringae. Coronatine simulates bioactive jasmonic acid (HY-122464A) conjugates or octadecanoid signal molecules of higher plants to make plants appear pathogenic symptoms. Coronatine promotes the virulence of Pseudomonas syringae in plants by activating the signal cascade that inhibits the accumulation of Salicylic acid (HY-B0167) .
13-Dilignoceroyl glycerol is a diacylglycerol containing lignoceric acid (HY-121883 ) at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions. Lignoceric acid is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research .
12-Dinonadecanoyl-rac-glycerol is a diacylglycerol containing nonadecanoic acid (HY-W004261) at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. Nonadecanoic acid is a 19-carbon long saturated fatty acid. Nonadecanoic acid is the major constituent of the substance secreted by Rhinotermes marginalis to defence .
Dieicosanoin is a diacylglycerol containing arachidic acid (HY-W004260). Arachidic acid is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with a 20-carbon backbone. Arachidic acid can be isolated from peanut butter and anaerobic fungi .
Fmoc-Glu-OMe, a glutamic acid derivative, shows antibacterial activity and gelation property in AgNO3 solution. Fmoc-Glu-OMe is a mouldable wound healing biomaterial .
12-Dipalmitoyl-3-Linoelaidoyl-rac-glycerol is a triacylglycerol containing palmitic acid (HY-N0830) at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions and linoelaidic acid (HY-W071746) at the sn-3 position. Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. Palmitic acid can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells. Linolelaidic acid, an omega-6 trans fatty acid, acts as a source of energy. Linolelaidic acid is an essential nutrient, adding in enteral, parenteral, and infant formulas. Linolelaidic acid can be used for heart diseases research .
Isodeoxycholic acid (7α,12α-Dihydroxycholanoic acid) is the 3β-epimer of ursodeoxycholic acid. Isodeoxycholic acid has the effect on choleresis and liver biochemistry .
Lipoxygenase, general (LOX) is a dioxygenase, is often used in biochemical studies. Lipoxygenase, general catalyzes the formation of corresponding hydroperoxides from polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and arachidonic acid .
1,2-Dipalmitoyl-3-Octanoyl-rac-glycerol is a triacylglycerol containing palmitic acid (HY-N0830) at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions and octanoic acid (HY-41417) at the sn-3 position. Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. PA can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells. Octanoic acid is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes. Octanoic acid is also a tremor-suppressing agent .
1-Myristoyl-2-oleoyl-3-palmitoyl-rac-glycerol (MOP) is a triacylglycerol containing myristic acid (HY-N2041), oleic acid (HY-N1446) and palmitic acid (HY-N0830) at the sn-1, sn-2 and sn-3 positions, respectively .
3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid (Isoursodeoxycholic acid) is a bile acid. 3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid shows good tolerance and well intestinal absorption by oral adminstation. 3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid can be isomerized by intestinal and hepatic enzymes to yield UDCA .
ALOX15-IN-1 (compound 8b) is a potent inhibitor of the linoleate oxygenase activity of rabbit and human ALOX15 with IC50s of 0.04 and 2.06 μM for ALOX15 0rthologs linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA), respectively .
ALOX15-IN-2 (compound 8a) is a potent inhibitor of the linoleate oxygenase activity of rabbit and human ALOX15 with IC50s of 1.55 and 2.79 μM for ALOX15 0rthologs linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA), respectively .
(11S)-(-)-Hydroxyjasmonic acid is a hydroxylated cyclopentane fatty acid of the jasmonic acid type that can be found in the culture filtrate of the fungus Botryodiplodia theobromae< .
JA-ACC (Jasmonyl-ACC) is a derivative of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). ACC is the direct precursor of the plant hormone ethylene. JA-ACC inhibits root growth in Arabidopsis and the inhibition is independent of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling .
N-Nervonoyl taurine ((Z)-2-tetracos-15-enamidoethanesulfonic acid) is a fatty acid-taurine conjugate derived from nervonic acid. N-Nervonoyl taurine is a substrate of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) discovered during metabolite profiling .
Ethyl arachidonate is a lipophilic esterified form of arachidonic acid (AA) and can be added into dietary regimens or fed to cultured cells as a source of exogenous arachidonate. Ethyl arachidonate is the main species of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) in brain of alcohol-intoxicated subjects .
DL-Panthenol (DL-Pantothenol) is an alcohol derivative of pantothenyl acid. DL-Panthenol exerts eyelash protection effect. DL-Panthenol is widely used in the Skin and hair conditioner research .
(±)8-HETE is one of the six monohydroxy fatty acids produced by the non-enzymatic oxidation of Arachidonic acid (HY-109590). The biological activity of (±)8-HETE is likely to resemble that of its constituent enantiomers (8(R)-HETE and 8(S)-HETE).
Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp TFA is a polyaspartic acid. The specificity of the catalytic and antigenic sites of influenza virus neuraminidase is related to the number of specific amino acids.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase, Porcine heart (ICDH) is a citric acid or tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme, is often used in biochemical studies. Isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate and reduces NAD(P) + to NAD(P)H, it plays important roles in cellular metabolism .
Stearidonic acid (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z-Octadecatetraenoic acid) is an intermediate fatty acid in the biosynthetic pathway from α-linolenic acid to VLC ω-3 PUFA. The conversion efficiency of stearidonic acid is higher than that of alpha-linolenic acid. Increasing the intake of stearidonic acid can increase the content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in red blood cells. Stearidonic acid can also be isolated from methanolic extracts of the brown alga Brachyphyllum gracilis .
Distearin is a diacylglycerol containing stearic acid at two positions. Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils .
12-Ketochenodeoxycholic acid 12 is a direct precursor of cholodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). Cholodeoxycholic acid is used to cholesterol gallstones and has chemotherapeutic properties that dissolve gallstones .
SAR441255 is a potent unimolecular peptide GLP-1/GIP/GCG receptor triagonist. SAR441255 displays high potency with balanced activation of all three target receptors.?SAR441255 shows positive acute glucoregulatory effectss in diabetic obese monkeys .
SAR441255 TFA is a potent unimolecular peptide GLP-1/GIP/GCG receptor triagonist. SAR441255 TFA displays high potency with balanced activation of all three target receptors.?SAR441255 TFA shows positive acute glucoregulatory effectss in diabetic obese monkeys .
Boc-Arg(di-Z)-OH can be used for the synthesis of amino acid. Boc-Arg(di-Z)-OH can be used for the research of inhibitors for processing proteinases. Boc-Arg(di-Z)-OH is coupled via the mixed anhydride (MA) with HGlu(OBzl)-Lys(Z)-Arg(Z,Z)-CH2Cl .
Deoxycholic acid (cholanoic acid), a bile acid, is a by-product of intestinal metabolism, that activates the G protein-coupled bile acid receptorTGR5 .
Deoxycholic acid sodium salt (sodium deoxycholate), a bile acid, is a by-product of intestinal metabolism, that activates the G protein-coupled bile acid receptorTGR5 .
Recombinant Proteinase K is a serine protease that cleaves the carboxy-terminated peptide bonds of aliphatic and aromatic amino acids. Recombinant Proteinase K can be used to digest proteins and remove contamination from nucleic acid preparations .
3-Oxooctadecanoic acid (3-Oxostearic acid) is a saturated fatty acid (SFA). 3-Oxooctadecanoic acid is an intermediate product in fatty acid biosynthesis and it was converted from malonic acid via the enzyme .
2,3,8-Tri-O-methylellagic acid is a terpenoids that can be isolated from the stem bark of Neoboutonia macrocalyx. 2,3,8-Tri-O-methylellagic acid is found to be 50 times more active than the parent ellagic acid .
Omeprazole magnesium is an orally active proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and can suppress gastric acid. Omeprazole magnesium can be used for acid reflux-related symptoms and frequent heartburn research .
Alphitolic acid (Aophitolic acid) is an anti-inflammatory triterpene could found in quercus aliena. Alphitolic acid blocks Akt–NF-κB signaling to induce apoptosis. Alphitolic acid induces autophagy. Alphitolic acid has anti-inflammatory activity and down-regulates the NO and TNF-α production. Alphitolic acid can be used for cancer and inflammation research .
Deoxycholic acid (cholanoic acid) sodium hydrate，a bile acid, is a by-product of intestinal metabolism, that activates the G protein-coupled bile acid receptorTGR5 .
PPOH, a fatty acid derivative, is a selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor that inhibits arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase activity in renal cortical microsomes. In addition, PPOH acts on CYP4A2 and CYP4A3 with the IC50 values of 22 μM and 6.5 μM, respectively . PPOH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Nicotinic acid mononucleotide triethylamine is formed from nicotinic acid (NA) via the nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase in the biosynthesis of NAD +. Nicotinate mononucleotide triethylamine is a substrate for nicotinamide mononucleotide/Nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase .
Sograzepide (Netazepide; YF 476; YM-220) is an extremely potent , highly selective and orally active Gastrin/CCK-B antagonist with an IC50 value of 0.1 nM, has inhibitory effect on Gastrin/CCK-A activity with an IC50 of 502 nM . Sograzepide (Netazepide; YF 476; YM-220) replaces the specific binding of [125I]CCK-8 to the rat brain, cloned canine and cloned human Gastrin/CCK-B receptors, with Ki values of 0.068, 0.62 and 0.19 nM, respectively .
Salvianolic acid F is a kind of Salvianolic Acids. Salvianolic Acids is the most effective and abundant compounds extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, with good anti-oxidative activity .
Tetradecanedioic acid is an endogenous metabolite and belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Tetradecanedioic acid can act as a candidate biomarker for organic anion-transporting polypeptide mediated agent-agent interactions .
p-Toluic acid (4-Methylbenzoic acid), coumarin, is a substituted benzoic acid. p-Toluic acidis synthetic p-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA), intermediates such as p-toluonitrile. p-Toluic acidMay have potential reproductive toxicity, press 1g/kgRepeated administration of doses can produce a variety of adverse effects on the epididymis .
Methyl 5-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxylate is a phenolic acid that can found in the stems of Mahonia fortune. Methyl 5-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxylate exhibits NO inhibitory effects in vitro .
Benzarone (Fragivix) is a potent human uric acid transporter 1 (hURAT1) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 2.8 μM in oocyte. Benzarone could lower uric acid serum levels .
SIRT5 inhibitor 4 (compound 11) is a potent, selective SIRT5 inhibitor with IC50 values of 26.4 and >400μM for SIRT5 and other SIRT subtype, respectively .
N3-D-Dap(Fmoc)-OH is a click chemistry reagent. N3-D-Dap(Fmoc)-OH can be used as a component for coupling by click reaction and as an orthogonally protected diaminocarboxylic acid derivative .
Lactyl-CoA is an acyl-CoA formally condensed from the sulfhydryl group of CoA and the carboxyl group of lactic acid, also known as lactyl-CoA. Lactyl-CoA is essential for the biosynthesis of biodegradable and biocompatible lactic acid-based copolymers .
6-Hydroxykynurenic acid (6-HKA) is a derivative of kynurenic acid (KYNA) and can be isolated from Ginkgo leaves. 6-Hydroxykynurenic acid is a low-affinity NMDAR antagonist (IC50: 59 μM) .
Acacetin 7-O-glucuronide is a glucuronide isolated from the methanolic leaf extract of Acacetin. Acacetin 7-O-glucuronide has potential applications in the development of nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical formulations .
α2-3,6 Neuraminidase, Bifidobacterium infantis is a highly specific exoglycosidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of non-reducing terminal α2-3 and α2-6 unbranched sialic acid residues from complex carbohydrates and glycoproteins. α2-3,6 Neuraminidase does not exhibit activity on α2-8 or branched sialic acids .
Palmitoleoyl chloride is a derivative of palmitoleic acid (HY-W011873). Palmitoleoyl chloride can be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of compounds .
(2E)-Hexenoyl-CoA (Hex-2-trans-enoyl-CoA) is an intermediate in fatty acid metabolism. (2E)-Hexenoyl-CoA is the substrate of the enzymes enoyl-coenzyme A reductase, acyl-CoA oxidase,? acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and Oxidoreductases .
8,11-Eicosadiynoic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, is a steroid 5α-reductase inhibitor. 8,11-Eicosadiynoic acid can be used for the research of acne .
Fmoc-Thr(TBDMS)-OH is a Threonine derivative. Fmoc-Thr(TBDMS)-OH can be used for the preparation of sugar ligand-tethered functional nucleic acid conjugates for targeted research .
Fmoc-N-Me-His(Trt)-OH (Fmoc-MeHis(Trt)-OH) is a is an amino acid derivative containing amino and carboxyl groups. Fmoc-N-Me-His(Trt)-OH for the synthesis of Fmoc-MeHis (Trt) -Leu-OH .
N-Methyl-DL-valine is a valine derivant, is metabolized to cysteine, alanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, citric acid, and succinic acid in the sprout. N-Methyl-DL-valine involves in the modification of monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF), an anti-tubulin agent, makes it hydrophobic functionalization and increases cell permeability .
L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans .
L-Valine-d8 is a deuterated form of L-Valine. L-Valine-d8 can be used in the labelled synthesis of L-valineamide-d8 intermediate[1]. L-Valine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. L-Valine is an essential amino acid[2].
DL-β-Hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A lithium is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid and the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan, and is produced from β-hydroxybutyric acid by short-chain-CoA synthase .
7-Hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid N-succinimidyl ester is the amine-reactive succinimidyl ester of 7-Hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid. 7-Hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid N-succinimidyl ester is a blue fluorescent dye for labeling proteins and nucleic acids .
CPUL1 is a TrxR inhibitor, which shows proliferation-inhibitory and anti-metastatic activity against A549 cells. CPUL1 influences EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) via inducing ROS-mediated ERK/JNK signaling by inhibiting TrxR1 enzyme activity. CPUL1 in combination with α-Lipoic Acid (HY-N0492) or Dithiodipropionic acid (HY-W014395) is more effective .
5-HETE ((±)-5-HETE), a fatty acid, is a oxidative derivative of Arachidonic acid. 5-HETE is a mixture of 5(S)-HETE and 5(R)-HETE. 5-HETE is a potent aggregating agent that induces the aggregation of neutrophils with an IC50 value of 200 nM .
Fmoc-Ser-OMe (Fmoc-L-Ser-OMe) is a hydroxylated L-amino acid protected with a 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group. Fmoc-Ser-OMe involves in chlorophyll–amino acid conjugates synthesis, and acts as a chromo/fluorophores modified protein and emits visible to near-infrared lights efficiently. Fmoc-Ser-OMe glycosylates and produces small mucin-related Olinked glycopeptides, as an alcohol acceptor .
Polygalacturonic acid (Galacturonic acid polymer) is transparent colloid, is a major component of the cell wall. Polygalacturonic acid can be used to prepare silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory that protect cells from destructive effect of elevated ROS and accelerate wound healing. Polygalacturonic acid nanoparticles also displays anti-bacterial activity .
9-PAHPA is a fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acid (FAHFA). FAHFAs are a new family of endogenous lipids, have antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects .
(±)-Lisofylline ((±)-Lisophylline) is the racemate of Lisofylline. Lisofylline inhibits the generation of phosphatidic acid and free fatty acids. Lisofylline also blocks the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in oxidative tissue injury, in response to cancer chemotherapy and in experimental sepsis. Lisofylline can be used for Type 1 diabetes research .
L-Tartaric acid (L-(+)-Tartaric acid) sodium hydrate is the enantiomer of D-tartaric acid. L-Tartaric acid (HY-Y0293) is a white crystalline dicarboxylic acid found in many plants, such as grapes, and is one of the main organic acids in wine. L-Tartaric acid sodium hydrate which acts as a flour bulking agent and as a food additive can interact with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide .
Glycolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (SLCG) is a cholic acid derivative and a metabolite of glycolithocholic acid. Glycolithocholic acid 3-sulfate inhibits replication of HIV-1 in vitro. Glycolithocholic acid 3-sulfate can be used for the research of HIV infection and gallbladder disease .
Taurohyodeoxycholic acid (THDCA) sodium is the taurine-conjugated form of the secondary bile acid hyodeoxycholic acid. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid can also reduce the activity and expression of myeloperoxidase TNF-α and IL-6, as well as colonic damage in TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis mouse model.
Arachidonic acid-alkyne is aω‑alkynyl lipid surrogates for polyunsaturated fatty acid. Arachidonic acid-alkyne has low rates of oxidation. Arachidonic acid-alkyne can be used for tracking the polyunsaturated fatty acids .
SCH-900271 is an orally active, potent nicotinic acid receptor (NAR) agonist with an EC50 of 2 nM in the hu-GPR109a assay. SCH-900271 exhibits dose-dependent inhibition of plasma free fatty acid (FFA). SCH-900271 has an improved therapeutic window to flushing .
Tepilamide fumarate (XP-23829; PPC-06) is an oral fumaric acid ester, acts as a proagent of Monomethyl fumarate (HY-103252), and is used in the research of moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis .
CCK-B Receptor Antagonist 2, compound 15b, is a potent and orally active Gastrin/CCK-B antagonist with an IC50 value of 0.43 nM. CCK-B Receptor Antagonist 2 also inhibits gastrin/CCK-A activity with an IC50 of 1.82 μM .
(Rac)-Idroxioleic acid (2-Hydroxyoleic acid) is a synthetic oleic acid (OA) derivative that binds to the plasma membrane and alters lipid organization. (Rac)-Idroxioleic acid has anti-tumor effect .
Tiaprofenic acid-d3 is a deuterium labeled Tiaprofenic acid. Tiaprofenic acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) mainly used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases[1].
Methyl Cholate is methyl ester form of Cholic acid. Cholic acid is one of the major bile acids produced by the liver, where it is synthesized from cholesterol .
Arachidonyl alcohol is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol. Arachidonyl alcohol is used as a substrate for the production of several ether lipids possessing beneficial functions .
Decanoyl-L-carnitine has stimulatory effect on the formation of desaturated fatty acid metabolites from both [1- 14C]-22:4 (n-6) and [1- 14C]-22:5 (n-3) .
Methyl myristate is a saturated fatty acid methyl ester obtained from the esterification of myristic acid. Methyl myristate shows a high melanin induction in B16F10 melanoma .
Curcumin monoglucuronide is known as a glucuronic acid conjugate, which is one of the in vivo metabolites of curcumin. Curcumin monoglucuronide is used for research on the metabolism of curcumin and examination of its development as a pharmaceutical. Curcumin monoglucuronide has the potential for the research of cancer disease (extracted from patent WO2022004873A1) .
SC-435 is an apical sodium-dependent Bile acid (BA) transporter inhibitor. SC-435 can alter hepatic cholesterol metabolism and lower plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations .
Ro 3-1314 (9a,12a-Octadecadiynoic acid) is a plant lipoxygenase inhibitor. Ro 3-1314 is a linoleic acid metabolism inhibitor. Ro 3-1314 stimulates the antigen-induced contraction of guinea-pig tracheal spirals and the immunological release of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) from actively sensitized guinea-pig lung fragments .
Apoptosis inducer 7 (Compound 5I) induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Apoptosis inducer 7 inducrs cleavage of PARP, caspases, down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein c-Flip and up regulation of pro-apoptotic protein Noxa. Apoptosis inducer 7 exhibits antitumor activity .
1-Myristoyl-3-chloropropanediol is a 3-monochloropropanediol (3-MCPD) fatty acid ester. 3-MPCD causes nephropathy and tubular hyperplasia and adenomas by chronic oral administration; also reduces fertility, or provokes infertility in rats and suppresses the immune function .
trans-Isoferulic acid (trans-3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is an aromatic acid isolated from the roots of Clematis florida var. plena. trans-Isoferulic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity .trans-isoferulic acid suppresses NO and PGE2 production through the induction of Nrf2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) .
Phaseic acid is a Abscisic acid terpenoid catabolite that can able to activate a subset of Abscisic acid repectors. Phaseic acid is a plant hormone associated with photosynthesis arrest and abscission .
Ethyl 3,4-dicaffeoylquinate is a phenolic acid isolated from G. divaricata. G. divaricata is one of the famous traditional Chinese herbs, usually used for bronchitis, tuberculosis, twisted knot cough, rheumatism, diabetes, etc .
Poly(acrylic acid) (MW 450000) is a polyacrylic acid with a molecular weight of 450000. Poly(acrylic acid) (MW 450000) is an anionic polymer. Poly(acrylic acid) (MW 450000) can be as a corrosion-mitigating and surface-stabilizing agent .
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 position of membrane glycerophospholipids to liberate arachidonic acid (AA). Phospholipase A2 is a member of the class of heat-stable, calcium-dependent enzymes, is often used in biochemical studies .
Penicillin amidase (EC 3.5.1.11) (Penicillin acylase) is an enzyme that cleaves the acyl side chains of penicillins. Penicillin amidase can be used for the production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid. Penicillin amidase can also be used in the resolution of racemic mixtures, peptide synthesis, and synthesis of semi-synthetic β-lactam antibiotics .
Guluronic acid sodium is an uronic acid monosaccharide and a glucuronic acid diasteroisomer. Guluronic acid sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent .
Lipid C24 is a cationic ionizable lipid, and can be used in the formation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Lipid C24 can be used for research of delivery of nucleic acids .
Fexarine is a potent, non-steroidal and selective agonist of farnesoid X receptor (EC50: 38 nM). Fexarine can be used for the research of diseases linked to cholesterol, bile acids .
PAP-IN-1 (compound 28) is an inhibitor of purple acid phosphatases (PAPs), a ubiquitous binuclear metallohydrolase. PAP-IN-1 inhibits mammalian PAP with Ki value of 168 nM. PAP-IN-1 targets to pig PAP with Kic value of 0.17 μM. PAP inhibitors can be used for research of anti-osteoporotic drugs .
Ovalbumin (154-159) is a fragment from ovalbumin. Ovalbumin (154-159) is a potent angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Ovalbumin (154-159) can be used for research of hypertension .
FA-Phe-Phe is a furylacryloyl (fa)-amino acid derivative, targeting to Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE). FA-Phe-Phe is also a specific substrate of CathepsinA .
Quizalofop-P is absorbed through weed stems and leaves, conducts upward and downward in plants, accumulates at the top and intermediate meristems, inhibits cellular fatty acid synthesis, and makes weeds necrotic. Quizalofop-P is highly selective between grass weeds and dicotyledonous crops .
W000113414_I13 is an acid ceramidase (AC) inhibitor. W000113414_I13 exhibits dose-dependent inhibition of AC with an IC50 value of 6.6?μM. W000113414_I13 can be used for the research of cancer .
LPA receptor antagonist-1 (example 52) is an antagonist of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor. LPA receptor antagonist-1 can be used for kinds of studies .
Pestanoid A is a rearranged pimarane diterpenoid osteoclastogenesis inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.2 μM. Pestanoid A can be isolated from the marine mesophotic zone chalinidae sponge-associated fungus, Pestalotiopsis sp. NBUF145. Pestanoid A inhibits the receptor activator of NF-kB ligand-induced MAPK and NF-κB signaling by suppressing the phosphorylation of ERK1/2-JNK1/2-p38 MAPKs and NF-κB nuclear translocation. Pestanoid A can be used for the study of osteoporosis .
Tricyclic cytosine tC is a fluorescent base analogue that can be used as a fluorescent probe in nucleic acid-containing systems. The excitation wavelength is 385 nm and the emission wavelength is 505 nm .
(3β)-3-[(O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]olean-12-en-28-oic acid is a member of Oleanolic acid saponins with trematocide activity .
9(E),11(E)-Octadecadienoic acid is an isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Conjugated linoleic acid is a fatty acid with potentially beneficial physiological and anticarcinogenic effects .
ω-3 Arachidonic acid is a poly fatty acid that is essential for growth and development in infants. ω-3 Arachidonic acid inhibits arachidenol-CoA synthetase with Ki values of 14 µM. It also inhibited arachidenol-CoA synthetase of calf brain extract with IC50 values of about 5 µM .
Ambruticin (W7783) is an orally active and potent antifungal antibiotic. Ambruticin represents a class of antibiotics, that can be isolated from a strain of Polyangium cellulosum var. fulvum, a bacterium belonging to the class Myxobacteriales. Ambruticin is a cyclopropyl-polyene-pyran acid and is active against fungi .
6β-Prostaglandin I1 (6β-PGI1) is an analog of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) that is resistant to hydrolysis in aqueous solutions. 6β-Prostaglandin I1 can reduce gastric acid secretion with an ID50 (dose causing 50% inhibition) of approximately 3.0 μg/kg/min (intravenous injection) .
Prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a potent vasoconstrictor, is produced by the conversion of Arachidonic acid (AA). Prostaglandin H2 is asubstrate for the production of Prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes (TXs) .
7-Methyl-DL-tryptophan (7-Methyltryptophan) is an amino acid derivative, which is a key precursor for biosynthesis of many non-ribosomal peptide antibiotics. 7-Methyl-DL-tryptophan plays an important role in synthesis of high-efficiency antibacterial agents and analogues thereof .
Oxaloacetic acid (2-Oxosuccinic acid) is a metabolic intermediate involved in several ways, such as citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, amino acid synthesis, and fatty acid synthesis, whereby Oxaloacetic acid facilitates the clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improves mitochondrial function .
Punicic acid is a bioactive compound of pomegranate seed oil. Punicic acid is an isomer of conjugated α-linolenic acid and a ω-5 polyunsaturated fatty acid. Punicic acid has the potential for the research of various chronic diseases .
Methyl arachidonate (Arachidonic acid methyl ester) is a fatty acid methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of arachidonic acid with methanol. Methyl arachidonate has activity of human blood serum metabolite .
BAY-771, a structurally close pyrimidinedione, is a chemical probe with good lead-like properties and high permeability in Caco-2 cells (no hint of efflux). BAY-771 shows very weak inhibitory activity in the BCAT1 biochemical assay and no activity in BCAT2. BAY-771 can be used as a negative control of HY-148242 BAY-069. BAY-771 can be used for the research of tumor metabolism .
N-Acetyl-DL-serine is a hydrophobic amino acid that is synthesized in the body and can be found as a free form or as a salt with malonate, phosphate, or acetate. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has also been used for the immobilization of DNA fragments on solid surfaces and can be used for protein synthesis and optical detection of DNA strands .
Choline Fenofibrate (ABT-335), a choline salt of Fenofibric acid (HY-B0760), releases free Fenofibric acid in the gastrointestinal tract. Fenofibric acid is a PPAR activator with antihyperlipidemic effect .
Lithocholic acid is a toxic secondary bile acid that can promote intrahepatic cholestasis and promote tumorigenesis. Lithocholic acid is also a FXR antagonist and a PXR/SXR agonist .
Niflumic acid is a calcium-activated chloride channel blocker and COX-2 inhibitor with the IC50 value of 100 nM. Niflumic acid induces apoptosis through caspase-8/Bid/Bax pathway in lung cancer cells. Niflumic acide exhibits anti-tumor activity by affecting the expression of ERK1/2 and the activity of MMP2 and MMP9. Niflumic acid has orally bioactivity. Niflumic acid acts on rheumatoid arthritis .
Acridine Orange hydrochloride is a cell-penetrable nucleic acid-selective fluorescent dye. Acridine Orange hydrochloride produces orange fluorescence when it binds to ssDNA or RNA, and green fluorescence when it binds to dsDNA (Ex: 488 nM; Em: green fluorescence at 530 nm, orange fluorescence at 640 nm) .
Lds-751 is a nucleic acid stain that mainly detects DNA. Lds-751 is a nucleic acid stain that mainly detects DNA. Lds-751 has a high affinity for DNA and fluorescence is enhanced after binding, but the maximum emission wavelength is 670nm. Lds-751 and Thiazole orange can be used for the differentiation of red blood cells, platelets, reticulocytes, and nucleated cells and can be stimulated at 488nm. Studies have shown that LDS-751 binds almost exclusively to mitochondria when incubated with nucleated living cells. After nucleated Acridine Orange (HY-101879) staining and LDS-751 treatment of cells, confocal microscopy revealed almost no co-location of the cells. Staining with Rhodamine 123 (HY-D0816), a dye known to bind polarized mitochondria, was almost identical to the pattern observed with LDS-751 .
2'-Deoxycytidine, a deoxyribonucleoside, can inhibit biological effects of Bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu). 2'-Deoxycytidine is essential for the synthesis of nucleic acids, that can be used for the research of cancer .
Glycodeoxycholic Acid is a natural product found in Streptomyces nigricans, Trypanosoma brucei and C. elegans. Glycodeoxycholic Acid induces hepatocyte necrosis and autophagy in patients with obstructive cholestasis .
Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is a major bioactive metabolite of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can promote fatty acid synthesis in hepatocytes by regulating the expression of relevant genes and proteins, contributing to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) .
YM022 is a highly potent, selective and orally active gastrin/cholecystokinin (CCK)-B receptor (CCK-BR) antagonist. YM022 shows the Ki values of 68 pM and 63 nM for CCK-B and CCK-A receptor, respectively . YM022 can inhibit gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion and histidine decarboxylase activation in vivo .
trans-2-Undecenoic acid ((E)-2-Undecenoic acid) is an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid and is characterized by acid dimers. The corresponding dimers are connected via intermolecular hydrogen bonds of the carboxylic groups C=O···H-O .
L-hydroxylysine dihydrochloride ((2S,5R)-5-Hydroxylysine dihydrochloride), an amino acid, is exclusive to collagen protein, which is formed by posttranslational hydroxylation of some lysine residues .
5-Methyl-5,6-dihydrouridine is a minor constituent in the chromosomal RNA of the rat ascites tumor. 5-Methyl-5,6-dihydrouridine can be used for nucleic acid modification .
DOTAP chloride is a useful and effective cationic lipid for transient and stable transfection DNA (plasmids, bacmids) and modified nucleic acids (antisense oligonucleotides) with out the use of helper lipid .
Tauro-β-muricholic Acid sodium (T-βMCA sodium), a endogenous metabolite, is a competitive and reversible farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist, with an IC50 of 40 μM .
Octadecanedioic acid, an endogenous metabolite, is a long-chain dicarboxylic acid that has been found in serum free fatty acid profile in Reye syndrome .
[Ala11,D-Leu15]-Orexin B(human) is a potent and selective orexin-2 receptor (OX2) agonist. [Ala11,D-Leu15]-Orexin B(human) shows a 400-fold selectivity for the OX2 (EC50=0.13 nM) over OX1 (52 nM) .
[Ala11,D-Leu15]-Orexin B(human) TFA is a potent and selective orexin-2 receptor (OX2) agonist. [Ala11,D-Leu15]-Orexin B(human) TFA shows a 400-fold selectivity for the OX2 (EC50=0.13 nM) over OX1 (52 nM) .
L-Palmitoylcarnitine TFA, a long-chain acylcarnitine and a fatty acid metabolite, accumulates in the sarcolemma and deranges the membrane lipid environment during ischaemia. L-Palmitoylcarnitine TFA inhibits KATP channel activity, without affecting the single channel conductance, through interaction with Kir6.2 .
L-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride, a long-chain acylcarnitine and a fatty acid metabolite, accumulates in the sarcolemma and deranges the membrane lipid environment during ischaemia. L-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride inhibits KATP channel activity, without affecting the single channel conductance, through interaction with Kir6.2 .
2'-NH2-ATP (2'-Amino-2'-deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate), an adenosine derivative, is a weak competitive inhibitor of ATP, with a Ki of 2.3 mM. 2'-NH2-ATP can be used in nucleic acid labeling .
Furosine dihydrochloride, an amino acid derivative, is an important chemical marker of early-stage Maillard reactions. Furosine dihydrochloride is closely related to a variety of diseases such as diabetes .
S-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)glutathione is a glutathione derivative. S-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)glutathione inhibits the in vitro binding of kainic acid to brain glutamate receptors, with an IC50 of 2 μM .
ACT-373898 is an inactive carboxylic acid metabolite of Macitentan. Macitentan is an orally active, non-peptide dual ETA and ETB (endothelin receptor) antagonist .
Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester (Ethyl docosahexaenoate) is a 90% concentrated ethyl ester of docosahexaenoic acid manufactured from the microalgal oil. Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester enhances 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal damage by induction of lipid peroxidation in mouse striatum. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a key component of the cell membrane, and its peroxidation is inducible due to the double-bond chemical structure. Docosahexaenoic acid has neuroprotective effects .
Fmoc-MMAE is a protective group-conjugated monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), which is a potent tubulin inhibitor. Fmoc-MMAE can be used in the synthesis of ADC .
Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research .
5-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine can be used as a fluorescent probe of nucleic acids and proteins. 5-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine displays excitation maxima of 558 nm and an emission maximum of 586 nm .
Aluminum Glycinate, an organo-metallic compound, is an antacid. Aluminum Glycinate can be used for the research of indigestion, acid reflux and ulcers .
AGN 192870 is a RAR neutral antagonist with Kds of 147, 33, and 42 nM for RARα, RARβ, and RARγ, respectively. AGN 192870 shows IC50s of 87 and 32 nM for RARαand RARγ, respectively. AGN 192870 shows RARβ partial agonism . AGN 192870 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Digalacturonic acid is a metabolite of pectin or pectic acid. Digalacturonic acid can be used for the co-crystallization of enzymes such as proteinase K .
CJ-13,610, a nonredox-type 5-LO inhibitor, dose dependently suppresses 5-LO product formation in ionophore A23187-stimulated PMNL in the absence of exogenous AA with an IC50 of about 70 nM . PMNL: polymorphonuclear leukocytes; AA: arachidonic acid
N-Palmitoyl dopamine (PALDA) is a endogenous, long-chain, linear fatty acid dopamide, which is inactive on TRPV1. N-Palmitoyl dopamine displays 'entourage' effects on endovanilloids N-arachidonoyl-dopamine (NADA) and anandamide .
Tri-Salicylic acid is the compound with similar properties of salicylic acid. Tri-Salicylic acid has the potential for the research of inflammation, obesity and cardiovascular diseases (extracted from patent US20170368079A1, compound III) .
Cimetidine (SKF-92334) hydrochloride is an orally active and inverse histamine H2 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 0.6 μM. Cimetidine hydrochloride is a gastric acid reducer, and can be used for duodenal and gastric ulcers research. Cimetidine hydrochloride has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity .
P-CAB agent 1 (compound B19) is a highly potent potassium-competitive acid blocker agent with an IC50 value of 60.50 nM for H +/K +-ATPase. P-CAB agent 1 has acceptable oral absorption in rats. P-CAB agent 1 can be used for researching acid-related disorders (ARDs) .
Salicylic acid- 13C6 is the 13C-labeled Salicylic acid (HY-B0167). Salicylic acid is a precursor to and a metabolite of Aspirin (HY-14654), can inhibit cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity[1][2].
C12FDGlcU is a lipophilic analog of fluorescein di-β-D-glucuronic acid. C12FDGlcU can be useful for the detection of β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene expression. C12FDGlcU can enter the cells and then be cleaved by β-glucuronidase, generating the yellow-colored, green-fluorescent fluorescein (Abs/Em of the reaction product: 495/518 nm) .
4-Methylumbelliferyl palmitate is an excellent fluorophore for measuring acid lipase in human leukocytes. Acidity and solvent have important influence on its fluorescence. 4-Methylumbelliferyl palmitate exists mainly as neutral molecular form which can be produced strong fluorescence at 445 nm in near neutral aqueous solutions, and exist mainly as anion form which can be produced stronger fluorescence at 445 nm in weak alkaline solutions .
Ferulic acid 4-O-sulfate (Ferulic acid 4-sulfate) is a metabolite of Ferulic acid (HY-N0060). Ferulic acid 4-O-sulfate relaxes arteries and lowers blood pressure in mice .
Biotinyl-Glucagon (1-29), human, bovine, porcine is a biotinylated glucagon. Glucagon is a peptide hormone, produced by α-cells of the pancreas, can increase concentration of glucose and fatty acids in the bloodstream .
Xanthine oxidase, Microorganism (XO) is a xanthine oxidoreductase enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, and further catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid .
URAT1 inhibitor 4, a Lesinurad derivative, is a potent and orally active URAT1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 7.56 μM. URAT1 inhibitor 4 has higher in vivo urate-lowering efficacy than Lesinurad (HY-15258) .
α-Eleostearic acid (cis-Eleostearic acid), a conjugated linolenic acid, is an apoptosis inducer. α-Eleostearic acid is also a ferroptosis inducer. α-Eleostearic acid exhibits antioxidant and antitumor activity .
mono-Pal-MTO is a palm oil-based lipid produced by combining the anticancer agent mitoxantrone (MTO) with palmitoleic acid. When nanoparticles of mono-Pal-MTO and di-Pal-MTO are combined in a molar ratio of 1:1, they show effective siRNA cell delivery and enhance anticancer activity .
di-Pal-MTO is a palm oil-based lipid produced by combining the anticancer agent mitoxantrone (MTO) with palmitoleic acid. When nanoparticles of mono-Pal-MTO and di-Pal-MTO are combined in a molar ratio of 1:1, they show effective siRNA cell delivery and enhance anticancer activity .
Malonyl CoA is a substrate for fatty acid biosynthesis and an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. Malonyl CoA is also a reversible inhibitor of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1 .
ALDH (Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P))) catalyzes the oxidation of aldehydes into their corresponding carboxylic acids with the concomitant reduction of the cofactor NAD(P) into NAD(P)H, is often used in biochemical studies. The ALDHs are one of many enzyme systems the body utilizes to alleviate aldehyde stress .
Lyso-PAF C-16 is a substrate of lysoplasmalogen (LysoPls)-specific phospholipase D (LysoPLD). Lyso-PAF C-16 selective acetylates with arachidonic acid .
Acridine Orange (Euchrysine 3RX) zinc chloride salt is a cell-penetrable nucleic acid-selective fluorescent dye. Acridine Orange zinc chloride salt produces orange fluorescence when it binds to ssDNA or RNA, and green fluorescence when it binds to dsDNA (Ex: 488 nM; Em: green fluorescence at 530 nm, orange fluorescence at 640 nm) .
Neuraminic acid is an acidic amino sugar with a backbone formed by nine carbon atoms. Neuraminic acid may also be visualized as the product of an aldol-condensation of pyruvic acid and D-mannosamine (2-amino-2-deoxy-mannose). Neuraminic acid is a functional group of some biologically active mucoproteins .
Vari Fluor 750 Carboxylic acid (VF 750 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 555 Carboxylic acid (VF 555 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 647A Carboxylic acid (VF 647A Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 640 Carboxylic acid (VF 640 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 488 Carboxylic acid (VF 488 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 532 Carboxylic acid (VF 532 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 594 Carboxylic acid (VF 594 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 660 Carboxylic acid (VF 660 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 568 Carboxylic acid (VF 568 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 680 Carboxylic acid (VF 680 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
L-670596 is an orally active and selective thrombsxane A2 receptor/prostaglandin receptor antagonist. L-670596 inhibits arachidonic acid (HY-109590) and U-44069 induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig. L-670596 also inhibits the aggregation of human platelet rich plasma induced by U-44069 .
5,6-O-Isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbic acid 5,6-acetonide) is an organic compound. 5,6-O-Isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid is a derivative of L-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Ascorbic acid has antioxidant properties.
Poricoic acid G is a triterpenoid that can be isolated from Poria cocos. Poricoic acid G has a significant cytotoxic effect on leukemia cells and is a potential potent anti-leukemic compound in humans .
L-Isoleucyl-L-arginine is a dipeptide formed from L-isoleucine and L-arginine residues. L-Isoleucyl-L-arginine is a potent angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. L-Isoleucyl-L-arginine can be used for research of hypertension .
Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-d4 is a deuterium labeled Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (HY-W018392). Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is a major bioactive metabolite of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can promote fatty acid synthesis in hepatocytes by regulating the expression of relevant genes and proteins, contributing to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) .
Pyridoxal is one of the major forms of vitamin B6. Pyridoxal is phosphorylated by pyridoxal kinase to Pyridoxal phosphate (HY-B1744). Pyridoxal is oxidized by the liver to 4-Pyridoxic acid (HY-113493) which is excreted in the urine .
Sodium (Trisodium) citrate dehydrate is an antacid used in studies to neutralize gastric acid. Sodium citrate dehydrate can also be used to prepare biological buffers. Sodium citrate dehydrate is a reference standard grade of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and a first-class pharmaceutical standard .
Hydroxystilbamidine, a dye capable of binding to both DNA and RNA, is a powerful inhibitor of cellular ribonucleases. Hydroxystilbamidine is a retrograde fluorescent tracer and a histochemical stain [1]
Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA; all-cis-8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid) sodium is a 20-carbon ω-6 fatty acid, with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (sodium) attenuates atherosclerosis in the apolipoprotein E deficient mouse model system .
Malonyl CoA (Malonyl coenzyme A) tetralithium is a substrate for fatty acid biosynthesis and an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. Malonyl CoA tetralithium is also a reversible inhibitor of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1 .
Tegoprazan Benzoate is the benzoate form of Tegoprazan (HY-17623). Tegoprazan (CJ-12420), a potassium-competitive acid blocker, is a potent, oral active and highly selective inhibitor of gastric H +/K +-ATPase that could control gastric acid secretion and motility, with IC50 values ranging from 0.29-0.52 μM for porcine, canine, and human H +/K +-ATPases in vitro .
Triheneicosanoin is a triacylglycerol containing heneicosanoic acid groups. Triheneicosanoin can be used as internal standard for the quantification of fatty acids in the milk samples .
(±)7(8)-DiHDPA is a epoxygenase metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid (HY-B2167). (±)7(8)-DiHDPA inhibits platelet aggregation at concentrations below those affecting thromboxane synthesis .
DYn-2 is capable of monitoring global changes in protein sulfenylation generated by Nox-mediated growth factor signaling. DYn-2 selectively targets protein sulfenic acid modifications .
CAY10669 (compound 6d) is an anacardic acid (HY-N2020) derivative that inhibits histone acetyltransferase PCAF with an IC50 of 662 μM . CAY10669 enhances the SAHA-induced acetylation in HEPG2 cells, exhibits cytotoxicity in zebrafish embryo, promotes transgene expression in CHO-K1 cells .
(±)16(17)-DiHDPA is a epoxygenase metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid (HY-B2167). (±)16(17)-DiHDPA inhibits platelet aggregation at concentrations below those affecting thromboxane synthesis .
Vonoprazan Fumarate (TAK-438), a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), is a potent and orally active potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), with antisecretory activity. Vonoprazan Fumarate inhibits H +,K +-ATPase activity in porcine gastric microsomes with an IC50 of 19 nM at pH 6.5. Vonoprazan Fumarate is developed for the research of acid-related diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer disease .
Vonoprazan (TAK-438 free base), a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), is a potent and orally active potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), with antisecretory activity. Vonoprazan inhibits H +,K +-ATPase activity in porcine gastric microsomes with an IC50 of 19 nM at pH 6.5. Vonoprazan is developed for the research of acid-related diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer disease. Vonoprazan can be used for eradication of Helicobacter pylori .
Vonoprazan hydrochloride, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), is a potent and orally active potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), with antisecretory activity. Vonoprazan hydrochloride inhibits H +,K +-ATPase activity in porcine gastric microsomes with an IC50 of 19 nM at pH 6.5. Vonoprazan hydrochloride is developed for the research of acid-related diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer disease. Vonoprazan hydrochloride can be used for eradication of Helicobacter pylori .
Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism .
Coenzyme A (CoASH) is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor, which is an acyl group carrier and carbonyl-activating group for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Coenzyme A plays a central role in the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle and the metabolism of carboxylic acids, including short- and long-chain fatty acids .
H-Phe(4-Ac)-OH is a keto-containing amino acid, which can be conversed from α-keto acids containing acetyl. H-Phe(4-Ac)-OH can be incorporated at the amber position to afford the mutant Z domain protein .
Coenzyme A (CoASH) is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor, which is an acyl group carrier and carbonyl-activating group for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Coenzyme A plays a central role in the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle and the metabolism of carboxylic acids, including short- and long-chain fatty acids .
Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) ammonium is a cofactor that is formed by the catalytic activity of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase. Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (ammonium) is a central precursor in sugar nucleotide biosynthesis and common substrate for C4-epimerases and decarboxylases releasing UDP-galacturonic acid (UDP-GalA) and UDP-pentose products, respectively. Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (ammonium), as a glucuronic acid donor, can be used for for the research of the conjugation of bilirubin in the endoplasmic recticulum .
Coenzyme A (CoASH) sodium is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor, which is an acyl group carrier and carbonyl-activating group for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Coenzyme A plays a central role in the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle and the metabolism of carboxylic acids, including short- and long-chain fatty acids .
Succinyl-Coenzyme A (Succinyl-CoA) sodium is an intermediate of the citric acid cycle. Succinyl-Coenzyme A sodium can be converted to succinic acid and can also combines with glycine to form δ-ALA to synthesize porphyrins (heme). Succinyl-Coenzyme A sodium can be used in the study of metabolic, neurological and haematological abnormalities (such as porphyrias) caused by nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency (resulting in a deficiency in Succinyl-Coenzyme A synthesis) .
SN05 is a potent amino acid transport (AAT) inhibitor with Kis of 2.77 μM, 0.73 μM, 0.87 μM, 3.7 μM, 7.25 μM, 7.23 μM and 2.22 μM for human ASCT1, rat ASCT2, human ASCT2, EAAT1, EAAT2, EAAC1 and EAAT5, respectively. SN05 can be used for researching anticancer .
SN40 is a potent amino acid transport (AAT) inhibitor with Kis of 7.29 μM, 2.42 μM, 2.94 μM, 5.55 μM, 24.43 μM and 5.55 μM for rat ASCT2, human ASCT2, EAAT1, EAAT2, EAAC1 and EAAT5, respectively. SN40 can be used for researching anticancer .
SN40 hydrochloride is a potent amino acid transport (AAT) inhibitor with Kis of 7.29 μM, 2.42 μM, 2.94 μM, 5.55 μM, 24.43 μM and 5.55 μM for rat ASCT2, human ASCT2, EAAT1, EAAT2, EAAC1 and EAAT5, respectively. SN40 hydrochloride can be used for researching anticancer .
Devimistat (CPI-613) is a mitochondrial metabolism inhibitor. Devimistat is a lipoic acid antagonist that abrogates mitochondrial energy metabolism to induce apoptosis in various cancer cells .
Levomefolic acid (5-MTHF) is an orally active, brain-penetrant natural active form of folic acid and is one of the most widely used folic acid food supplements .
Diethylcarbamazine citrate is an orally active anthropoidal compound. Diethylcarbamazine citrate is an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism of filaria microfilaria. Diethylcarbamazine citrate has anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic activity .
Urethane (Ethyl carbamate), the ethyl ester of carbamic acid, is a byproduct of fermentation found in various food products. Urethane has the ability to suppress bacterial, protozoal, sea urchin egg, and plant tissue growth in vitro .
Thiazole Orange is an asymmetric anthocyanin dye that can be coupled with oligonucleotides (ONs) to prepare fluorescent hybridization probes. Thiazole Orange can be used for reticulocyte analysis. λEx/λEm (including DNA) of Thiazole Orange =510/527 nm .
Pentagastrin (ICI-50123) is a potent, selective Cholecystokinin B (CCKB) receptor antagonists with IC50 values of 11 nM and 1100 nM for CCKB and CCKA, respectively. Pentagastrin enhances gastric mucosal defense mechanisms against acid and protects the gastric mucosa from experimental injury . .
Ilaprazole (IY-81149) is an orally active proton pump inhibitor. Ilaprazole irreversibly inhibits H +/K +-ATPase in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of pump inhibitory activity of 6 μM in rabbit parietal cell preparation. Ilaprazole is used for the research of gastric ulcers. Ilaprazole is also a potent TOPK (T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase) inhibitor .
DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt is an endogenous metabolite. DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt is a substrate in the citric acid cycle. DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt can be used as a marker for determining the composition of isocitrates in fruit products, including fruit juices.
Indole-3-acetamide is a biosynthesis intermediate of indole-3-acetic acid (HY-18569). Indole-3-acetic acid is the most common natural plant growth hormone of the auxin class .
Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation .
Uridine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt is a potent, selective P2Y6 receptor native agonist (EC50=300 nM; pEC50=6.52 for human P2Y6 receptor). Uridine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt, an endogenous metabolite, catalyzes the glucuronidation of a wide array of substrates and is used in nucleic acid (RNA) biosynthesis .
Pyridoxal hydrochloride is the hydrochloride form of Pyridoxal (HY-107469). Pyridoxal is one of the major forms of vitamin B6. Pyridoxal is phosphorylated by pyridoxal kinase to Pyridoxal phosphate (HY-B1744). Pyridoxal is oxidized by the liver to 4-Pyridoxic acid (HY-113493) which is excreted in the urine .
Arachidonic acid (Icosanoic acid), an orally active long-chain fatty acid, is present in all mammalian cells, typically esterified to membrane phospholipids, and is one of the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids present in human tissue. Moreover, Arachidonic acid is an important mediator of inflammation .
(E/Z)-Methyl mycophenolate is a racemic compound of (Z)-Methyl mycophenolate and (E)-Methyl mycophenolate isomers. Methyl mycophenolate is a methyl ester of mycophenolic acid. Methyl mycophenolate can be used to synthesize mycophenolic acid β-D-glucuronide and phenolic glycosides .
Paederosidic acid is isolated from P. scandens with anticancer and anti‐inflammation activities. Paederosidic acid inhibits lung caner cells via inducing mitochondria-mediated apoptosis .
(±)-Vasicine is the racemate of Vasicine. Vasicine (Peganine) significantly inhibits H +-K +-ATPase activity in vitro with an IC50 of 73.47 μg/mL. Anti-ulcer activity. Vasicine shows significant anti-secretory, antioxidant and cytoprotective effect .
Menthyl acetate (L-Menthyl acetate) is a derivative of L-menthol. Menthyl acetate is effective to enhance 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) skin permeation .
Uridine 5'-diphosphate sodium salt is a potent, selective P2Y6 receptor native agonist (EC50=300 nM; pEC50=6.52) and a potent P2Y14 antagonist (pEC50=7.28). Uridine 5'-diphosphate sodium salt, an endogenous metabolite, catalyzes the glucuronidation of a wide array of substrates and is used in nucleic acid (RNA) biosynthesis .
4-Bromo-3-hydroxybenzoic acid is a metabolite of Brocresine and a histidine decarboxylase (HDC) inhibitor with IC50s of 1 mM for both rat fetal and rat gastric HDC. 4-Bromo-3-hydroxybenzoic acid also inhibits aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase from hog kidney and rat gastric mucosa in vitro with IC50s of 1 mM for both enzymes .
7-Ketolithocholic acid (3α-Hydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanic acid), a bile acid, can be absorbed and suppresses endogenous bile acid production and biliary cholesterol secretion .
D-Allothreonine is the D type stereoisomer of Allothreonine. D-Allothreonine is a peptido-lipid derived from bacteria. D-Allothreonine, amide-linked to the D-galacturonic acid, is also a constituent in the polysaccharide .
D-Tyrosine is the D-isomer of tyrosine. D-Tyrosine negatively regulates melanin synthesis by inhibiting tyrosinase activity. D-Tyrosine inhibits biofilm formation and trigger the self-dispersal of biofilms without suppressing bacterial growth .
Methyl palmitoleate ((Z)-Methyl hexadec-9-enoate), a fatty acid methyl ester, is an analogue of Palmitoleate with cytoprotective and growth-promoting properties .
Thiophene-2 (TP2) is a specific polyketide synthase 13 (Pks13) inhibitor. Thiophene-2 inhibits mycolic acid biosynthesis and rapidly leads to mycobacterial cell death. Thiophene-2 is active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a MIC value of 1 μM, and has potent anti-tuberculosis activity .
VKGILS-NH2 is a reversed amino acid sequence control peptide for SLIGKV-NH2 (protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) agonist). VKGILS-NH2 has no effect on DNA synthesis in cells .
VKGILS-NH2 TFA is a reversed amino acid sequence control peptide for SLIGKV-NH2 (protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) agonist). VKGILS-NH2 TFA has no effect on DNA synthesis in cells .
Autotaxin modulator 1 is an autotaxin (ATX) enzyme inhibitor, extracted from patent WO 2014018881 A1, Compound Example 12b. Autotaxin modulator 1 is expected to be useful for researching demyelination due to injury or disease, as well as for researching proliferative disorders such as cancer .
8-Br-GTP, a GTP analog, is a competitive FtsZ polymerization and GTPase activity (Ki of 31.8 μM) inhibitor. 8-Br-GTP can be used for nucleic acid modification .
Biotin-XX hydrazide (Biotin-(AC5)2-hydrazide) is a carbonyl-reactive biotinylation reagent which contains two aminohexanoic acid spacers. Biotin-XX hydrazide has higher efficiency of avidin-binding .
Ethyl linolenate is a fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE). Ethyl linolenate plays an active role in inhibition of the cellular production on melanin with an IC50 of 70 μM. Anti-melanogenesis Effects .
3-Feruloylquinic acid, a derivative of quinic acid-bound phenolic acid, shows antioxidant activity. 3-Feruloylquinic acid markedly enhances by high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and UV irradiances .
Norcholic acid is a normal minorbile C23 bile acid having four side chain and exsits in human urine and meconium. Norcholic acid can become prominent under certain pathological conditions. Norcholic acid is efficiently absorbed from intestine and quickly excreted into the bile but not into urine .
Isolithocholic acid (β-Lithocholic acid) is an isomer of Lithocholic acid. Isolithocholic acid, a bile acid, is formed by microbial metabolism of Lithocholic acid or Lithocholic acid 3α-sulfate .
Zastaprazan (JP-1366) is a proton pump inhibitor (WO2018008929). Zastaprazan can be used for the research of gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases or gastric acid-related diseases .
Ninerafaxstat (IMB-1018972) is a novel mitotropic agent. Ninerafaxstat increases myocardial metabolic efficiency by shifting substrate utilization towards glucose through reducing fatty acid oxidation (inhibiting 3-ketoacyl CoA thiolase). Ninerafaxstat can be used for the research of cardiovascular diseases .
(±)13-HpODE (13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid) is a racemic mixture of hydroperoxides, which is produced by the oxidation of linoleic acid by lipoxygenase .
α-MSH free acid (α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone free acid) is an MC3R and MC4R agonist with EC50s of 0.16 nM and 5.6 nM, respectively. α-MSH free acid activates cAMP generation at MC3R and MC4R .
(±)13(14)-EpDPA (13,14-EpDPE) is the product of the reaction of cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase with Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA).(±)13(14)-EpDPA has antihyperalgesic and vasorelaxative activities .
Cyanine5 carboxylic acid chloride (Cy5 acid chloride) is a fluorescent dye containing a non-activated carboxylic acid (Ex=646 nm, Em=662 nm). Cyanine5 carboxylic acid chloride is an non-reactive dye that can be used in control samples .
ELOVL1-IN-1 is an ELOVL1 inhibitor extracted from patent WO2018107056A1, compound 87. ELOVL1-IN-1 can reduce very long chain fatty acid levels. ELOVL1-IN-1 can be used for the research of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) .
2-Amino-8-oxononanoic acid is an amino acid, incorporation into proteins in E.coli in genetic. 2-Amino-8-oxononanoic acid is efficient in labeling of proteins with different probes with a site-specific manner under a mild condition close to the physiological pH .
D-NMAPPD ((1R,2R)-B13) is an acid ceramidase inhibitor. D-NMAPPD regulates NMDA receptor properties by enhancing endogenous production of ceramides. D-NMAPPD has anticancer effecs .
Linoleoyl glycine is a modified polyunsaturated fatty acid. Linoleoyl glycine has activating effects on human KCNQ1/KCNE1 (hKCNQ1/hKCNE1) channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes .
GSK951A is a THPP analogue. GSK951A inhibits mycolic acid biosynthesis. GSK951A combines potency in culture with in vivo activity and lack of cytotoxicity .
Fluorescent DOTAP, a cationic lipid, can be used for the research of nucleic acid and protein delivery . Fluorescent DOTAP is labeled with a fluorophore NBD (maximum excitation/emission wavelength ∼463/536 nm).
ML266 is glucocerebrosidase (GCase) molecule chaperone with IC50 of 2.5 µM. ML266 binds to GCase and transports of the mutant protein to the lysosome, and resume the activity of GCase. ML266 dose not inhibit the GCase enzyme’s action. ML266 has the potential for the research of gaucher disease .
2-Amino-8-oxononanoic acid (hydrochloride) is the hydrochloride form of 2-Amino-8-oxononanoic acid. 2-Amino-8-oxononanoic acid is an amino acid, incorporation into proteins in E.coli in genetic. 2-Amino-8-oxononanoic acid is efficient in labeling of proteins with different probes with a site-specific manner under a mild condition close to the physiological pH .
Xanthine oxidase-IN-7 (compound1h) is a potent andorally active XO (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.36 µM. Xanthine oxidase-IN-7 effectively reduces serum uric acid levels. Xanthine oxidase-IN-7 has the potential for the research of hyperuricemia and gout .
EDANS sodium is a potent fluorogenic substrates. EDANS sodium is a donor for FRET-based nucleic acid probes and protease substrates. EDANS sodium is often paired with DABCYL or DABSYL. The optimal absorbance and emission wavelengths of EDANS sodium are λabs = 336 nm and λem = 490 nm respectively .
LA-Bac8c is a Lipoic acid modified antimicrobial peptide with enhanced antimicrobial properties. LA-Bac8c inhibits S. aureus, MRSA, S. epidermidis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa with MICs of 1, 4, 8, 8, and 8 μg/mL .
DMT-5Me-dC(Bz)-CE Phosphoramidite is used in the preparation of locked nucleic acids (LNAs) for optimization of fluorescent oligonucleotide probes with improved spectral properties and target binding .
Pentagastrin (ICI-50123) meglumine is a potent, selective Cholecystokinin B (CCKB) receptor antagonists with IC50 values of 11 nM and 1100 nM for CCKB and CCKA, respectively. Pentagastrin meglumine enhances gastric mucosal defense mechanisms against acid and protects the gastric mucosa from experimental injury . .
10-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid disodium is a form of tetrahydrofolic acid that acts as a donor of formyl groups in anabolism. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid disodium can be used as a substrate for formyltransferase reactions and is involved in the biosynthesis of purines .
Polydeoxyadenylic-thymidylic acid sodium is a synthetic DNA polymer. Polydeoxyadenylic-thymidylic acid sodium can be used to determine the activity of bound and free ribonucleic acid polymerase. Polydeoxyadenylic-thymidylic acid sodium can be used for the research of cancer and virus infection .
3-Aminobutanoic acid is a β-amino acid. 3-Aminobutanoic acid can protect plant against a challenge infection with P. infestans. 3-Aminobutanoic acid has various levels of susceptibility for the pathogen .
Fmoc-Abg(N3)-OH is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Fmoc-Abg(N3)-OH has the potential to synthesize peptide nucleic acids (PNA) and peptoids.
7'-Hydroxy ABA (7'-OH ABA) is a metabolite of Abscisic acid (Abscisic acid) through hydroxylation of the 7′-carbon atom of Abscisic acid. 7'-Hydroxy ABA exhibits significant hormonal activity .
L-Diguluronic acid disodium is a linear polysaccharide copolymer composed of two L-guluronic acid. L-Diguluronic acid disodium can be used to form Alginate. L-Diguluronic acid disodium is a generic name of unbranched polyanionic polysaccharides and it can be used for the research of antifungal agents delivery carries .
Phenylglycine methyl ester is a chiral anisotropic reagent. Phenylglycine methyl ester can be used for absolute configuration determination of various chiral carboxylic acids .
cis-Melilotoside, an o-Coumaric acid derivative, shows potent antioxidant activity. cis-Melilotoside has antiprotozoal activity moderately against T. cruzi with an IC50 of 78.2 ug/mL .
10-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid is a form of tetrahydrofolic acid that acts as a donor of formyl groups in anabolism. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid can be used as a substrate for formyltransferase reactions and is involved in the biosynthesis of purines .
Urate oxidase, Microorganism (Uox), i.e., uricase, is often used in biochemical studies. Urate oxidase is a peroxisomal enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin in most mammals .
Hyptadienic acid is a triterpene acid that can be isolated from the leaves of Perilla frutescens. Hyptadienic acid inhibits 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice with an ID50 value of 0.13 mg/ear. Hyptadienic acid can be used for the research of inflammation .
FFA3 agonist 1 is an agonist of free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFA3). FFA3 agonist 1 regulates the health effect of intestinal microbiota by activating FFA3 .
L-Asparagine-13C4,15N2 ((-)-Asparagine-13C4,15N2) is the 13C and 15N-labeled L-Aspartic acid. L-Aspartic acid is an amino acid, shown to be a suitable pro-agent for colon-specific drug delivery .
Palmitic acid sodium is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. Palmitic acid sodium can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells. Palmitic acid sodium is used to establish a cell steatosis model .
(5R)-Dinoprost is a metabolite produced by cyclooxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid. (5R)-Dinoprost (Prostaglandin F2β) induces dose-dependent release of hexose containing mucin .
Ac-Leu-Val-Lys-Aldehyde is a potent cathepsin B inhibitor with IC50s of 4 nM. Ac-Leu-Val-Lys-Aldehyde significantly reduces quinolinic acid (HY-100807)-induced striatal cell death and causes accumulation of LC3-II .
Methylmalonyl-CoA (Methylmalonyl coenzyme A) tetralithium is a catabolite of valine, isoleucine, methionine, threonine, odd-chain fatty acids, and cholesterol. Methylmalonyl-CoA tetralithium is converted to succinyl-CoA by enzymatic reaction of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM) with coenzyme vitamin B12 .
Piperlotine D is an antiplatelet aggregation agent. Piperlotine D can be extracted from Piper lolot with antiplatelet aggregation activity. Piperlotine D inhibits arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 43.4 μg/mL .
L-Arginine butanoate ((S)-(+)-Arginine butanoate) is a compound consisting of L-Arginine and butanoate. L-Arginine is one of the essential nutrients in the human body and participates in various biochemical processes. Butanoate is a short-chain fatty acid commonly used as a food additive and solvent in pharmaceutical formulations .
Ninerafaxstat (IMB-1018972) trihydrochloride is a novel mitotropic agent. Ninerafaxstat trihydrochloride increases myocardial metabolic efficiency by shifting substrate utilization towards glucose through reducing fatty acid oxidation (inhibiting 3-ketoacyl CoA thiolase). Ninerafaxstat trihydrochloride can be used for the research of cardiovascular diseases .
Antitumor agent-109 (compound 6) is an inhibitor of hyaluronic acid (HY-B0633A) targeting to CD44, as well as an anti-tumor agent. Hyaluronic acid interacts with differentiation cluster 44 (CD44) and is involved in tumor growth and invasion. Antitumor agent-109 inhibits MDA-MB-231 cells with EC50 value of 0.59 μM .
Quinolinic acid-13C4, 15N is an isotopic labeled Quinolinic acid (HY-100807). Quinolinic acid is an endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist and has the potential of mediating NMDA neuronal damage and dysfunction .
DL-Isocitric acid- 13C4 (trisodium salt) is a 13C labeled DL-Isocitric acid (trisodium salt) (HY-W009362). DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt is an endogenous metabolite. DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt is a substrate in the citric acid cycle. DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt can be used as a marker for determining the composition of isocitrates in fruit products, including fruit juices.
3-Methylglutaconic acid is the major metabolites accumulating in 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria (MGTA). 3-Methylglutaconic acid can induce lipid oxidative damage and protein oxidative. 3-Methylglutaconic acid decreases the non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in cerebral cortex supernatants to elicit oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex. 3-Methylglutaconic acid can be used for brain damage disease research .
L-Cystathionine (dihydrochloride) is a nonprotein thioether and is a key amino acid associated with the metabolic state of sulfur-containing amino acids. L-Cystathionine (dihydrochloride) protects against Homocysteine-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). L-Cystathionine (dihydrochloride) plays an important role in cardiovascular protection .
D-Glucaric acid tetrahydrate is the end-products of the D-glucuronic acid pathway in mammals. D-Glucaric acid tetrahydrate is also found in fruits and vegetables. D-Glucaric acid tetrahydrate can be used to reduce cholesterol and inhibits tumor development. D-Glucaric acid tetrahydrate also enhances human immunity and reduce cancer risks .
Tauro-β-muricholic acid (TβMCA) is a trihydroxylated bile acid. Tauro-β-muricholic acid is a competitive and reversible FXR antagonist (IC50 = 40 μM). Tauro-β-muricholic acid has antiapoptotic effect. Tauro-β-muricholic acid inhibits bile acid-induced hepatocellular apoptosis by maintaining the mitochondrial membrane potential .
AF 555 carboxylic acid is a derivative of the orange fluorescent dye AF 555. AF 555 has a maximum emission wavelength of ~555 nm. AF 555 carboxylic acid is widely used in cell dyes, biological dyes, biomolecules and particle fluorescent labeling.
Sodium (Trisodium) citrate dehydrate is an antacid used in studies to neutralize gastric acid. Sodium citrate dehydrate is often used to prepare biological buffers and can be used in molecular biology research .
tDHU, acid is a dihydropyrimidinecereblon ligand that contains an E3 ligase ligand and a benzoic acid linker. tDHU, acid can be used as an E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand-Linker conjugate for the development of PROTACs .
Chebulanin, a polyphenol acid, exerts its anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects via inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK activation in collagen-induced arthritis mice. Chebulanin inhibits the nuclear translocation of p38 and p65 in LPS-stimulated macrophages .
Methylmalonyl coenzyme A (Methylmalonyl-CoA) is a catabolite of valine, isoleucine, methionine, threonine, odd-chain fatty acids, and cholesterol. Methylmalonyl coenzyme A tetralithium is converted to succinyl-CoA by enzymatic reaction of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM) with coenzyme vitamin B12 .
9-HEPE, a oxidation product of Eicosapentaenoic acid, is a racemic mixture of 9(R)-HEPE and 9(S)-HEPE. 9-HEPE induces fatty acid oxidation, adipogenesis, and glucose uptake via activation of PPARs in vivo .
1β-Hydroxydeoxycholic acid (1β-OH-DCA), a secondary bile acid, is a CYP3A biomarker. Deoxycholic acid is specifically metabolized into 1β-Hydroxydeoxycholic acid by CYP3A4 and CYP3A7 using recombinant human CYP450 enzymes .
(5R)-Dinoprost tromethamine (Prostaglandin F2β tromethamine) is a metabolite produced by the metabolism of arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase. (5R)-Dinoprost tromethamine induces dose-dependent release of hexosaccharide containing mucin .
Penicisteck acid F (Compound 2) is a Marine derived tanzanic acid derivative that is a NF-κB inhibitor. Penicisteck acid F inhibits osteoclast expression by decreasing RANKL-induced IκBα degradation, NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, NFATc1 activation and nuclear translocation, and related mRNA expression. Penicisteck acid F can be used in osteoporosis research .
Petromyzonol (5α-Petromyzonol) is a tetrahydroxy stearol produced by the bile of sea lamprey larvae from the bile acid precursor acetylcholic acid. Petromyzonol sulfate acts as a pheromone and oviposition chemical attractant .
2'-Hydroxyflavanone is a flavanone that can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and reduce inflammation. 2'-Hydroxyflavanone shows inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation caused by two inducers with IC50s 47.8 μM arachidonic acid (AA) and 147.2 μM aenosine diphosphate (ADP) .
Photo-DL-lysine-d2 is the deuterium labeled Photo-DL-lysine (HY-D2283). Photo-DL-lysine is a DL-lysine-based photo-reactive amino acid, captures proteins that bind lysine post-translational modifications .
Photo-lysine-d2 is the deuterium labeled Photo-lysine. Photo-lysine is a DL-lysine-based photo-reactive amino acid, captures proteins that bind lysine post-translational modifications .
Photo-lysine-d2-1 is the deuterium labeled Photo-lysine. Photo-lysine is a DL-lysine-based photo-reactive amino acid, captures proteins that bind lysine post-translational modifications .
Termitomycamide E is a fatty acid amide that can suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress. Termitomycamide E shows significant protective activity against T. titanicus-toxicity .
14-Pentadecenoic acid is a 15-carbon long-chain fatty acid that contains an olefin functional group on the terminal carbon of its fatty tail. 14-Pentadecenoic acid can be used as a fibrous scaffold biomaterial for tissue engineering applications, as well as a metal-forming side-chain polymer for constructing capillary columns in gas chromatography .
(9Z-Octadecenyl)-CoA triammonium is a coenzyme. (9Z-Octadecenyl)-CoA triammonium is a long-chain acyl-CoA esters. Long-chain acyl-CoA esters are involved in regulation of fatty acid synthesis, enzyme systems, vesicle trafficking, ion channels and ion pumps .
Vigabatrin (γ-Vinyl-GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA vinyl-derivative, is an orally active and irreversible GABA transaminase inhibitor. Vigabatrin is an antiepileptic agent, which acts by increasing GABA levels in the brain by inhibiting the catabolism of GABA by GABA transaminase .
L-Carnitine ((R)-Carnitine), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .
Vigabatrin hydrochloride (γ-Vinyl-GABA hydrochloride), a inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA vinyl-derivative, is an orally active and irreversible GABA transaminase inhibitor. Vigabatrin hydrochloride is an antiepileptic agent, which acts by increasing GABA levels in the brain by inhibiting the catabolism of GABA by GABA transaminase .
Sulfamonomethoxine is a long acting sulfonamide antibacterial agent, used in blood kinetic studies,and blocks the synthesis of folic acid by inhibiting synthetase of dihydropteroate.
Clidinium bromide is a quaternary amine antimuscarinic agent. Clidinium bromide may help symptoms of cramping and abdominal/stomach pain by decreasing stomach acid, and slowing the intestines in vivo .
NBD-F (4-Fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazan) is a pro-fluorescent reagent which is developed for amino acid analysis. NBD-F reacts with primary or secondary amines to produce a fluorescent product and used for analysis of amino acids and low molecular weight amines .
CYN 154806, a cyclic octapeptide, is a potent and selective somatostatin sst2 receptor antagonist, with pIC50 values of 8.58, 5.41, 6.07, 5.76 and 6.48 for human recombinant sst2, sst1, sst3, sst4 and sst5 receptors respectively .
CYN 154806 TFA, a cyclic octapeptide, is a potent and selective somatostatin sst2 receptor antagonist, with pIC50 values of 8.58, 5.41, 6.07, 5.76 and 6.48 for human recombinant sst2, sst1, sst3, sst4 and sst5 receptors respectively .
Secaubryenol is a class of 3,4-secocycloartane triterpenes isolated from Coussarea macrophylla. Secaubryenol does not display any cytotoxic effect at a dose of 10 µg/mL .
Aminopterin (4-Aminofolic acid), the 4-amino derivative of folic acid, is a folic acid antagonist. Aminopterin catalyses the reduction of folic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, and competitively inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) with a Ki of 3.7 pM. Aminopterin has anticancer and immunosuppressive activity. Aminopterin is used in treatment of pediatric leukemia .
HET0016 is a potent and selective 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) synthase inhibitor, with IC50 values of 17.7 nM, 12.1 nM and 20.6 nM for recombinant CYP4A1-, CYP4A2- and CYP4A3-catalyzed 20-HETE synthesis, respectively. HET0016 also is a selective CYP450 inhibitor, which has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth .
Sulfamonomethoxine-d4 is a deuterium labeled Sulfamonomethoxine. Sulfamonomethoxine is a long acting sulfonamide antibacterial agent, used in blood kinetic studies,and blocks the synthesis of folic acid by inhibiting synthetase of dihydropteroate[1].
Phytic acid sodium salt (myo-Inositol; hexakis dihydrogen phosphate; Inositol hexaphosphat) is often present in legume seeds with antinutritional effects. Phytic acid sodium salt is a [PO4] 3- storage depot and precursor for other inositol phosphates and pyrophosphates. phytic acid is hydrolyzed by phytases in a stepwise manner in the plant .
L-Asparagine monohydrate ((-)-Asparagine monohydrate) is a non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue.
Trimyristin, an active molluscicidal component of Myristica fragrans Houtt, significantly inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP/ALP) activities in the nervous tissue of Lymnaea acuminata. IC50s of Trimyristin against AChE, ACP, and ALP are 0.11, 0.16 and 0.18 mM, respectively .
Purpurogallin carboxylic acid, isolated from Macleaya microcarpa (Maxim.) Fedde, is an oxidation product of gallic acid in fermented tea. Purpurogallin carboxylic acid has anti-cancer activity .
Hexyl gallates (Hexyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) shows antibacterial activity and inhibits the production of rhamnolipid and pyocyanin by inhibiting RhlR . Hexyl gallate, a alkyl ester derivative of gallic acid, exhibits potent antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, with IC50 of 0.11 mM .
trans-4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid is a substrate for cyclohexanecarboxylic acid production. trans-4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid is the by-product of intestinal bacterial metabolism via urinary excretion .
3-Methoxyphenylacetic acid (m-Methoxyphenylacetic acid), a m-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (m-OHPAA) derivative, is a phytotoxin in Rhizoctonia solani. 3-Methoxyphenylacetic acid is used to develop a toxin-mediated bioassay for resistance to rhizoctonia root rot .
D-kynurenine, a metabolite of D-tryptophan, can serve as the bioprecursor of kynurenic acid (KYNA) and 3-hydroxykynurenine. D-Kynurenine is an agonist for G protein-coupled receptor, GPR109B. D-Kynurenine is a substrate in a fluorometric assay of D-amino acid oxidase. D-kynurenine promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) .
Abeprazan hydrochloride (DWP14012 hydrochloride) is a potassium-competitive acid blocker. Abeprazan hydrochloride inhibits H +, K +- ATPase by reversible potassium-competitive ionic binding with no acid activation required. Abeprazan hydrochloride is developed as a potential alternative to proton pump inhibitor for the treatment of acid-related diseases .
Abeprazan (DWP14012) is a potassium-competitive acid blocker. Abeprazan inhibits H +, K +- ATPase by reversible potassium-competitive ionic binding with no acid activation required. Abeprazan is developed as a potential alternative to proton pump inhibitor for the treatment of acid-related diseases .
Quisqualic acid (L-Quisqualic acid), a natural analog of glutamate, is a potent and pan two subsets (iGluR and mGluR) of excitatory amino acid (EAA) agonist with an EC50 of 45 nM and a Ki of 10 nM for mGluR1R. Quisqualic acid is isolated from the fruits of Quisqualis indica .
4-Chlorophenylacetic acid is a compound belongs to a family of small aromatic fatty acids with anticancer properties. 4-Chlorophenylacetic acid can provide carbon and energy for Pseudomonas sp .
2-Chloroacetamide is a preservative and is a herbicide for both uplands and paddy fields. 2-Chloroacetamide is a biocide in agriculture, glues, paints and coatings. 2-Chloroacetamide inhibits very-long-chain fatty acid elongase .
5-Hydroxyferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid and is a metabolite of the phenylpropanoid pathway. 5-Hydroxyferulic acid is a precursor in the biosynthesis of sinapic acid and is also a COMT non-esterifed substrate .
12,14-Dichlorodehydroabietic acid, a chlorinated resin acid, is a potent Ca 2+-activated K + (BK) channel opener. 12,14-Dichlorodehydroabietic acid blocks GABA-dependent chloride entry in mammalian brain and operates as a non-competitive GABAA antagonist. 12,14-Dichlorodehydroabietic acid increases cytosolic free Ca 2+ and stimulates transmitter release .
Ponceau S (Acid Red 112) is a non-specific protein dye commonly used as a stain for Western blot. Ponceau S is used in an acidic aqueous solution that is compatible with antibody-antigen binding and dyes the proteins on the membrane red .
AH-7614 is a potent and selective FFA4 (GPR120) antagonist, with pIC50s of 7.1, 8.1, and 8.1 for human, mouse, and rat FFA4, respectively. AH-7614 has selectivity for FFA4 over FFA1 (pIC50<4.6). AH-7614 is able to block effects of both the polyunsaturated ω-6 fatty acid linoleic acid and the synthetic FFA4 agonist .
KMH-233, a potent, reversible and selective l-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) inhibitor, inhibits the uptake of LAT1 substrate, l-leucin (IC50=18 μM) as well as cell growth. KMH-233 significantly potentiates the efficacy of Bestatin and Cisplatin even at low concentrations (25 μM) .
9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid is an oxidation product of oleic acid. 9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid can improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in KKAy mice .
BI 99179 is a potent and selective type I fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibitor with an IC50 of 79 nM. BI 99179 is a tool compound suitable for the in vivo validation of FAS as a target for lipid metabolism related diseases. BI 99179 exhibits significant exposure (both peripheral and central) upon oral administration in rats .
7-Hydroxycoumarinyl arachidonate (7-HCA) is a fluorogenic substrate of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (PLA2). 7-Hydroxycoumarinyl arachidonate is also a fluorogenic substrate for monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). MAGL protein catalyzes the hydrolysis of 7-Hydroxycoumarinyl arachidonat to generate Arachidonic acid (AA) and the highly fluorescent 7-hydroxyl coumarin (7-HC; HY-N0573). Release of 7-HC can be measured using a fluorometer .
5-Propargylamino-ddCTP, a nucleoside molecule that can be used to synthesis of cyanine dye-nucleotide conjugate which is used in nucleic acid labeling or sequence analysis .
5-Propargylamino-ddUTP, a nucleoside molecule that can be used to synthesis of cyanine dye-nucleotide conjugate which is used in nucleic acid labeling or sequence analysis .
5-Propargylamino-dCTP is a nucleoside molecule extracted from patent US9035035B2, compound dCTP-PA. 5-Propargylamino-dCTP can conjugate to molecular markers for use in nucleic acid labeling or sequence analysis . 5-Propargylamino-dCTP is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
1-Dodecylimidazole (N-Dodecylimidazole) is a lysosomotropic detergent and a cytotoxic agent. 1-Dodecylimidazole causes cell death by its acid-dependent accumulation in lysosomes, disruption of the lysosomal membrane, and releaseof cysteine proteases into the cytoplasm. 1-Dodecylimidazole has hypocholesterolaemic activity and broad-spectrum antifungal activity .
Elastase, Porcine pancreas (EC 3.2.1.35) is a single polypeptide chain of 240 amino acid residues, derived from pig pancreas. Elastase, Porcine pancreas is a serine protease that can hydrolyze proteins and polypeptide. Elastase from porcine pancreas can induce emphysema in hamsters .
12S-HHT (12(S)-HHTrE) is an enzymatic product of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) derived from cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism. 12S-HHT is an endogenous ligand for BLT2 that fully activates BLT2 in vivo. 12S-HHT suppresses UV-induced IL-6 synthesis in keratinocytes, exerting an anti-inflammatory activity .
Ac-YVAD-CHO (L-709049) is a potent, reversible, specific tetrapeptide interleukin-lβ converting enzyme (ICE) inhibitor with mouse and human Ki values of 3.0 and 0.76 nM. Ac-YVAD-CHO is also a caspase-1 inhibitor. Ac-YVAD-CHO can suppress the production of mature IL-lβ .
SSR411298 is an orally active, selective and reversible fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor. SSR411298 has the potential for post-traumatic stress disorder research .
dGTP (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate), a guanosine nucleotide, can be used in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Guanosine nucleotides (GDP, GTP, dGDP, and dGTP) are highly susceptible to oxidative damage to 8-oxo-GDP (8-O-GDP), 8-O-dGTP, 8-O-GTP, and 8-O-dGTP .
FATP1-IN-2 (compound 12a), an arylpiperazine derivative, is an orally active fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) inhibitor (human IC50=0.43 μM, mouse IC50=0.39 μM) .
(S)-Coriolic acid (13(S)-HODE), the product of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) metabolism of linoleic acid, functions as the endogenous ligand to activate PPARγ. (S)-Coriolic acid is an important intracellular signal agent and is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in various biological systems. (S)-Coriolic acid induces mitochondrial dysfunction and airway epithelial injury .
Glycolithocholic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Glycolithocholic acid. Glycolithocholic acid, an endogenous metabolite, is a glycine-conjugated secondary bile acid and can be used to diagnose ulcerative colitis (UC), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) [1][2][3][4].
Tenatoprazole (TU-199) is an orally active imidazopyridine-based proton pump inhibitor with a prolonged plasma half-life. Tenatoprazole inhibits hog gastric H +/K +-ATPase activity with an IC50 of 6.2 μM. Tenatoprazole blocks the interaction of ubiquitin with the ESCRT-1 factor Tsg101, inhibits production of several enveloped viruses, including EBV .
Yamogenin (Neodiosgenin) is a diastereomer of diosgenin. Yamogenin (Neodiosgenin) antagonizes the activation of the liver X receptor (LXR) in luciferase ligand assay. Yamogenin (Neodiosgenin) inhibits triacylglyceride (TG) accumulation through the suppression of gene expression of fatty acid synthesis in HepG2 hepatocytes .
Sodium Tartrate is a pH-Regulating agent with antioxidant activity. Sodium Tartrate is particularly effective retarding hydrolysis while heating at high temperatures, resulting in increase of acid values (AVs) of vegetable oils .
Toluidine Blue (Toluidine Blue O) is an alkaline quinonimine dye (vivo dye) with high affinity for acidic tissue components, staining nuclei blue and polysaccharides purple. Toluidine Blue shows heterostaining properties for mast cells, mucins and chondrocytes. Toluidine Blue can stain different components of plant tissues and cells in different colours. Toluidine Blue is also used as a diagnostic aid to identify malignant lesions, such as cancer .
Penicolinate A is a picolinic acid derivative. Penicolinate A is isolated from endophytic Penicillium sp. BCC16054. Penicolinate A exhibits antimalarial and antitubercular activities .
(±)9,10-DiHOME is the racemate of 9,10-DiHOME. 9,10-DiHOME is a leukotoxin derivative of linoleic acid diol that has been reported to be toxic in human's tissue preparations, and is produced by inflammatory leukocytes such as neutrophils and macrophages .
Green DND-26 is a green fluorescently labeled lysosomal probe with a maximum excitation/emission wavelength of 504/511 nm. The structure is composed of a fluorescein group and linked weak bases, which can freely cross the cell membrane and generally gather on spherical organelles. Green DND-26 is suitable for observing the internal biosynthesis and related pathogenesis of lysosomes .
Tuberculosis inhibitor 4 (compound 16), a mandelic acid-based spirothiazolidinone, has potent antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv with the high inhibition value 98% at lower than 6.25 µg/mL concentration .
A-908292 is a potent and selective acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 23 nM for human ACC2. A-908292 can be used for the research of fatty acid metabolism . A-908292 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Fluorescein octadecyl ester is a lipophilic fluorescent reagent is immobilized in a plasticized PVC membrane. Fluorescein octadecyl ester can reversibly recognize alcohol molecules and can be used to determine the concentration of ethanol in alcoholic drinks. Fluorescein octadecyl ester can be used as acceptor to make optrode membrane for the determination of picric acid .
Lucifer Yellow CH dipotassium is a high-intensity fluorescent probe containing free hydrazyl groups. Lucifer Yellow CH can react with fatty aldehydes at room temperature. Lucifer Yellow CH serves as a biological tracer to monitor neuronal branching, regeneration, gap junction detection and characterization, and selective ablation of cells after aldehyde fixation. Lucifer yellow CH displays the maximum excitation/emission of 430 nm/540 nm, respectively .
Mordant brown 1, a naphthalenesulphonic acid derivative, is an azo dye. Mordant brown 1 is also an effective and specific inhibitor of CD40-CD154 costimulatory protein-protein interaction .
Benzoic acid-d5 is a deuterium substitute for Benzoic acid. Benzoic acid is an aromatic alcohol that occurs naturally in many plants and is a common additive in food, beverages, cosmetics and other products. Benzoic acid can act as a preservative by inhibiting bacteria and fungi[1][2].
Amido Black 10B (Naphthol Blue Black) is a highly toxic azo dye for amino acid staining. Amido Black 10B can create several problems in the human respiratory system and may also cause skin and eye irritations .
3'-DMTr-dG(iBu) is a nucleoside for the synthesis of nucleic acid, such as antiviral agents used in the research of viral infection (HBV, HDV), and oligonucleotides against Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies .
3,4-Methylenedioxycinnamic acid is an inhibitor of the phenylpropanoid enzyme 4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA ligase. 3,4-Methylenedioxycinnamic acid increases the formation of soluble phenolics in particular of vanillic acid .
BODIPY 500/510 C1, C12 is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the polar lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells . Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 500/510 nm . Protect from light, stored at -20℃.
15-Azido-pentadecanoic acid is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Azido Palmitic Acid can be used to identify and characterize post-translationally palmitylated proteins with using a simple and robust two-step labeling and detection technique . 15-Azido-pentadecanoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agent-4 (compound 5c) is an inhibitor of Trypanosoma cruzi. Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agent-4 can be used for the research of infection .
GL67 (N4-Spermine cholesteryl carbamate) (pentahydrochloride) is a cationic lipid. GL67 can be used for nucleic acid agents and vaccines delivery, and gene transfection .
BDP TMR alkyne is an alkyne-containing click chemistry reagent that can click chemistry with azides. BDP TMR alkyne has the fluorophore BDP and can be used for oligonucleotide labeling and amino acid sequencing .
6-((4-Hydroxybutyl)amino)hexyl 2-hexyldecanoate is a lipid, it can be used to synthesis nanomaterials. 6-((4-Hydroxybutyl)amino)hexyl provides the use of the nano-lipid particle as the key component in nucleic acid delivery, including the components of the delivery carrier .
Abiraterone sulfate N-oxide is a carboxylic acid. Abiraterone sulfate N-oxide also is a major metabolite of Abiraterone (HY-70013). Abiraterone sulfate N-oxide can be used for the research of prostate cancer .
DSPE-succinic acid is a phophalipid capped with a carboxylic acid moiety. The carboxylic acid moiety is reactive with amine to from a stable amide linkage. DSPE-succinic acid can be used to prepare nanoparticles or liposomes for agent nanocarrier to deliver therapeutics .
TTNPB (Ro 13-7410) (GMP) is TTNPB (HY-15682) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. TTNPB is a highly potent retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist .
HCV-1 e2 Protein (484-499) is a peptide consisting of 16 amino acids. HCV-1 e2 Protein (484-499) is derived from the envelope 2 protein of hepatitis C virus in the sera from individuals with antibodies to HCV .
Ac-YVAD-CHO (L-709049) acetate is a potent, reversible, specific tetrapeptide interleukin-lβ converting enzyme (ICE) inhibitor with mouse and human Ki values of 3.0 and 0.76 nM. Ac-YVAD-CHO acetate is also a caspase-1 inhibitor. Ac-YVAD-CHO acetate can suppress the production of mature IL-lβ .
Ganoderic acid R is a potent anticancer agent. Ganoderic acid R inhibits the growth by inducing apoptosis on tumor cell line. Ganoderic acid R possesses significant cytotoxicity on a multidrug resistance (MDR) tumor cell line (KB-A-1/Dox) and a sensitive tumor cell line (KB-A-1) .
PF 03716556 is a potent, selective, competitive and reversible acid pump (H +,K +-ATPase) antagonist with pIC50s of 6.026, 6.038 and 6.009 for porcine, canine, and human recombinant gastric H +,K +-ATPase, respectively. PF 03716556 is inactive against other receptors, ion channels, and enzymes. PF 03716556 has the potential for gastroesophageal reflux disease research .
DAPI (dilactate) is a blue fluorescent dye that preferentially binds dsDNA and binds to minor groove AT clusters. DAPI (dilactate) is combined with dsDNA, and the fluorescence was enhanced about 20-fold. DAPI (dilactate) can be used to identify the cell cycle and specifically stains the nucleus but not the cytoplasm. DAPI (dilactate) form is more soluble in water than DAPI (dihydrochloride) form.
Cefteram (T-2525) is the free acid of Cefteram pivoxil (HY-106571), which is an orally active cephalosporin ester. Cefteram potently targets to the enteropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae .
URAT1&XO inhibitor 2 (Compound BDEO) is a dual inhibitor of xanthine oxidase and URAT1, with IC50 of 3.3 μM for xanthine oxidase. URAT1&XO inhibitor 2 blocks uptake of uric acid in HEK293 cells expressing URAT1, with a Ki value of 0.145 μM. URAT1&XO inhibitor 2 decreases serum urate level and uric acid excretion in hyperuricemic mice. URAT1&XO inhibitor 2 can be used for research of hyperuricemia .
(R)-KMH-233 is the isomer of KMH-233 (HY-120139), and can be used as an experimental control. KMH-233, a potent, reversible and selective l-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) inhibitor, inhibits the uptake of LAT1 substrate, l-leucin (IC50=18 μM) as well as cell growth. KMH-233 significantly potentiates the efficacy of Bestatin and Cisplatin even at low concentrations (25 μM) .
12(S)-HPETE is a 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. 12(S)-HPETE has the function of regulating vascular tone. 12(S)-HPETE may play a physiological role in vasomotor regulation through endothelium itself and crosstalk between blood cells and endothelium. 12(S)-HPETE can be used in the study of cerebrovascular tension .
4,5-O-Dicaffeoyl quinic acid methyl ester (compound 4), a dicaffeoylquinic acid, has potent antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) with an IC50 of 0.63 μg/mL and a CC50 of 118.68 μg/mL.
2-Heptyl-4-quinolone is an intermediate in the synthesis of the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) that controls swarming by positively regulating phenazine production. 2-Heptyl-4-quinolone induces the production of the phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) .
Guanylin (mouse, rat), a petide, is composed of 15 amino acids. Guanylin (mouse, rat) is an activator of intestinal guanylate cyclase. Guanylin (mouse, rat) can be used for the research of diarrhea .
N,N′-Diferuloylputrescine is a inhibitor of pigmentation with 57% reduction. N,N′-Diferuloylputrescine significantly reduces the protein level of MITF. N,N′-Diferuloylputrescine has strong antioxidant activities as radical scavengers against reactive oxygen species .
dGTP- 13C10 (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate- 13C10) dilithium is 13C-labeled dGTP (HY-138616). dGTP (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate), a guanosine nucleotide, can be used in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Guanosine nucleotides (GDP, GTP, dGDP, and dGTP) are highly susceptible to oxidative damage to 8-oxo-GDP (8-O-GDP), 8-O-dGTP, 8-O-GTP, and 8-O-dGTP.
dGTP- 13C10, 15N5 (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate- 13C10, 15N5) dilithium is 13C and 15N-labeled dGTP (HY-138616). dGTP (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate), a guanosine nucleotide, can be used in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Guanosine nucleotides (GDP, GTP, dGDP, and dGTP) are highly susceptible to oxidative damage to 8-oxo-GDP (8-O-GDP), 8-O-dGTP, 8-O-GTP, and 8-O-dGTP.
dGTP- 15N5 (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate- 15N5) dilithium is 15N labeled dGTP (HY-138616). dGTP (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate), a guanosine nucleotide, can be used in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Guanosine nucleotides (GDP, GTP, dGDP, and dGTP) are highly susceptible to oxidative damage to 8-oxo-GDP (8-O-GDP), 8-O-dGTP, 8-O-GTP, and 8-O-dGTP.
dGTP- 15N5,d14 (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate- 15N5,d14) dilithium is deuterium and 15N labeled dGTP (HY-138616). dGTP (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate), a guanosine nucleotide, can be used in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Guanosine nucleotides (GDP, GTP, dGDP, and dGTP) are highly susceptible to oxidative damage to 8-oxo-GDP (8-O-GDP), 8-O-dGTP, 8-O-GTP, and 8-O-dGTP.
dGTP-d14 (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate-d14) dilithium is deuterium labeled dGTP (HY-138616). dGTP (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate), a guanosine nucleotide, can be used in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Guanosine nucleotides (GDP, GTP, dGDP, and dGTP) are highly susceptible to oxidative damage to 8-oxo-GDP (8-O-GDP), 8-O-dGTP, 8-O-GTP, and 8-O-dGTP.
Cholic acid-cysteine-cyanuric chloride complex is a hapten linker molecule comprising of the antigen, cholic acid and the reactive group for covalent attachment, cyanuric chloride .
D-(-)-Lactic acid-13C ((R)-2-Hydroxypropionic acid-13C) is a 13C-labeled D-Lactic acid. D-(-)-Lactic acid-13C can be used as an internal standard and can also be used in studies such as metabolic tracing.
5-Propargylamino-ddCTP (trisodium), a nucleoside molecule that can be used to synthesis of cyanine dye-nucleotide conjugate which is used in nucleic acid labeling or sequence analysis .
5,7-Dichlorokynurenic acid (sodium) is the sodium form of 5,7-Dichlorokynurenic acid (HY-100834). 5,7-Dichlorokynurenic acid is a selective and competitive antagonist of the glycine site on the NMDA receptor with a KB of 65 nM. 5,7-Dichlorokynurenic acid, a derivative of kynurenic acid, reduces NMDA-induced neuron injury in rat cortical cell cultures .
10,11-EDT, a soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) substrate, is a metabolic product of adrenic acid. 10,11-EDT is an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor with strong vasorelaxant effects .
PDK4-IN-2 (compound 8) is a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) inhibitor with an IC50 of 46 µM. PDK4-IN-2 improves ejection fraction of failing hearts by regulating bioenergetics via activation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle .
Methyl 12-oxooctadecanoate is a fatty acid that can be isolated from the pulp of Livistona decipiens (Palmae), which has anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-ulcer activities .
9S-HODE (Alpha-dimorphecolic acid) is an octadecadienoic acid and the main active derivative of linoleic acid, which can reduce the viability of HL-60 cells and induce apoptosis. 9S-HODE is rich in lipid peroxidation (LPO) products and is almost an ideal marker for LPO .
Ac4ManNDAz is a cell-permeable photocross-linking probe. Ac4ManNDAz can effectively compete with endogenous sialic acid for incorporation into cell surface glycoproteins and form cross-links with glycoprotein ligands under UV light irradiation. Ac4ManNDAz can be used to study interactions between glycoproteins .
N-Arachidonoyl Taurine is an activator of the transient receptor potential vanilloid TRPV1 and TRPV4, with EC50s value of 28 μM and 21 μM, respectively .
Antifungal agent 90 (Compound 7n) is an antifungal agent that inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis. Antifungal agent 90 showed excellent antifungal activity against Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea with EC50 values respectively. 4.26 and 1.41 μg/mL .
4-(Sulfooxy)benzoic acid is a sulfated phenolic acid found in C. elegans. 4-(Sulfooxy)benzoic acid is a metabolite of ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate and several flavonoids .
Erucamide inhibits intestinal diarrhea.Erucamide also regulates the volume of body fluids in other organs. Erucamide has the ability to promote angiogenesis .
Lansoprazole (AG 1749) is an orally active proton pump inhibitor which prevents the stomach from producing acid. Lansoprazole (AG 1749) is a potent brain penetrant neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) inhibitor (exosome inhibitor) .
Topiroxostat (FYX-051) is a potent and orally active xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 5.3 nM and a Ki value of 5.7 nM. Topiroxostat exhibits weak CYP3A4-inhibitory activity (18.6%). Topiroxostat has the potential for hyperuricemia treatment .
Lipoamide ((±)-α-Lipoamide) is a monocarboxylic acid derivative of a neutral amide, formed by the condensation of the carboxyl group of lipoic acid and ammonia. Lipoamide protects against oxidative stress-mediated neuronal cell damage and also acts as a coenzyme to transfer acetyl groups and hydrogen during pyruvate deacylation. Lipoamide also stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes through the endothelial NO synthase-cGMP-protein kinase G signaling pathway .
Guanine is one of the fundamental components of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Guanine is a purine derivative, consisting of a fused pyrimidine-imidazole ring system with conjugated double bonds. Guanine has the potential to serve as a large-capacity N pool .
LAH4, an alpha-helix of the designed amphipathic peptide antibiotic, exhibits potent antimicrobial, nucleic acid transfection and cell penetration activities. LAH4 possesses high plasmid DNA delivery capacities. LAH4 has a strong affinity for anionic lipids found in the outer membrane of bacterial membranes .
Calcein Blue, a membrane-impermeant fluorescent dye, is a coumarin derivative that contains an iminodiacetic acid structure. Calcein Blue is also a metallofluorochromic indicator .
Arachidonic acid (Immunocytophyt) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. Arachidonic acid also acts as the substrate for various lipid mediators, such as prostaglandins (PGs). Arachidonic acid improves cognitive response and cardiovascular function .
Sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate, a bile acid, is an amphiphilic surfactant molecule synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. Sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate activates the S1PR2 pathway in addition to the TGR5 pathway .
Taurodeoxycholic acid sodium hydrate (Sodium taurodeoxycholate monohydrate), a bile acid, is an amphiphilic surfactant molecule synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. Taurodeoxycholic acid sodium hydrate activates the S1PR2 pathway in addition to the TGR5 pathway .
Ectoine is a natural cell protectant, an amino acid derivate produced by bacteria living under extremely harsh environmental conditions. Ectoine serves as an osmoregulatory compatible solute, increasing the hydration of the skin surface and stabilizing lipid layers, which is useful in skincare. Ectoine demonstrates a good safety profile for the treatment of allergic rhinitis .
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is the triglycerides and esters prepared from fractionated vegetable oil sources and fatty acids from coconuts and palm kernel oils. Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride possesses excellent oxidation stability. Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used as a food additive and used in cosmetics .
(-)-Hydroxycitric acid (Garcinia acid) is the principal acid of fruit rinds of Garcinia cambogia. (-)-Hydroxycitric acid is a potent and competitive and orally active inhibitor of ATP citrate lyase. (-)-Hydroxycitric acid suppresses the fatty acid synthesis, lipogenesis, food intake, and induced weight loss .
ABT-546 (A-216546) is a potent, highly selective and active endothelin ETA receptor antagonist with a Ki of 0.46 nM for [ 125I]endothelin-1 binding to cloned human endothelin ETA. ABT-546 is >25,000-fold more selective for the ETA receptor than for the ETB receptor. ABT-546 blocks endothelin-1-induced arachidonic acid release and phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis with IC50 of 0.59 nM and 3 nM, respectively .
BMS493 is an inverse pan-retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist. BMS493 increases nuclear corepressor interaction with RARs. BMS493 also could prevent retinoic acid-induced differentiation . BMS493 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Gut restricted-7 (GR-7) is a potent, covalent and orally active pan-bile salt hydrolase (BSH) inhibitor. Gut restricted-7 has a tissue-selective and is restricted to the gut. Gut restricted-7 decreases gut bacterial BSHs and decreases deconjugated bile acid levels in feces of mice .
3-Oxocholic acid is an oxo-bile acid metabolite and also a major degradation product from cholic by C. perfringens in the intestine. 3-Oxocholic acid is steroid acid found predominantly in bile of mammals .
Phenylacetylglutamine-d5 is the deuterium labeled Phenylacetylglutamine. Phenylacetylglutamine is a colonic microbial metabolite from amino acid fermentation[1].
GET73 is a γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) analog, a naturally occurring neurotransmitter. GET73 has anti-alcohol and anxiolytic properties. GET73 significantly affects glutamate transmission in the hippocampus .
Glycohyodeoxycholic acid is a major metabolite of Hyodeoxycholic acid in humans. Glycohyodeoxycholic acid has preventative effects on gallstone formation .
DL-Tyrosine is an aromatic nonessential amino acid synthesized from the essential amino acid phenylalanine. DL-Tyrosine is a precursor for several important neurotransmitters (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine) .
Triallate is a selective preemergence herbicide for the control of wild oats in barley, spring wheat, Durum wheat, winter wheat, and sugar beets. Triallate inhibits fatty acid elongation and surface lipid (wax) biosynthesis .
β-Amyrenonol (11-Oxo-β-amyrin), an oleanolic-type triterpenoid in licorice roots, is a precursor of Glycyrrhetinic acid. β-Amyrenonol has anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities, and β-Amyrenonol could function as the skeleton for the synthesis of many triterpenoids .
9,10-Dichlorostearic acid is a chlorinated stearic acid with antimutagenic properties. 9,10-Dichlorostearic acid can cause membrane damage by inducing leakage of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from mammalian tumour cells in vitro .
Polyporusterone A is a triterpene carboxylic acid isolated from Polyporus umbellatus Fries. Polyporusterone A has inhibitory effect on free radical-induced lysis of red blood cells (hemolysis) .
Polyporusterone B is a triterpene carboxylic acid isolated from Polyporus umbellatus Fries. Polyporusterone B has inhibitory effect on free radical-induced lysis of red blood cells (hemolysis) .
4-Methylcinnamic acid, a Cinnamic acid analog, can be used as a intervention catalyst for overcoming antifungal tolerance. 4-Methylcinnamic acid can improve the potency of cell wall-disrupting agents .
Gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-Glutamylcysteine), a dipeptide containing cysteine and glutamic acid, is a precursor to glutathione (GSH). Gamma-glutamylcysteine is a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase (GPx) to increase GSH levels .
LAH4 TFA, an alpha-helix of the designed amphipathic peptide antibiotic, exhibits potent antimicrobial, nucleic acid transfection and cell penetration activities. LAH4 TFA possesses high plasmid DNA delivery capacities. LAH4 TFA has a strong affinity for anionic lipids found in the outer membrane of bacterial membranes .
Dihomo-γ-Linolenic acid is an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid that is mainly metabolized to an anti-inflammatory eicosanoid, prostaglandin (PG) E1, via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects .
Vimnerixin (AZD4721) is the potent and orally active antagonist of acidic CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2). Vimnerixin has the potential for the research of inflammatory disease .
Protectin D1, neuroprotectin D1 when generated by neural cells, is a member of a new family of bioactive products generated from docosahexaenoic acid. Protectin D1 is also a specialized pro-resolving mediator with potent pro-resolving and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo in several human disease models .
Irloxacin (Pirfloxacin) is a quinolone antibacterial agent. Irloxacin shows greater activity with an acid pH. Irloxacin has a good in vitro antimicrobial spectrum against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Orally active .
Djenkolic acid is a sulfur-containing non-protein amino acid naturally found in the djenkol beans of the Southeast Asian plant Archidendron jiringa. Djenkolic Acid often causes renal injury, including hypersensitivity to or a direct toxic effect of a djenkol bean metabolite, resulting in acute kidney injury and/or urinary tract obstruction by djenkolic acid crystals, sludge, and/or possible ureteral spasms .
BMS641 (BMS-209641) is a selective RARβ agonist. BMS641 has a higher affinity for RARβ (Kd, 2.5 nM) that is 100 times higher than that for RARα (Kd, 225 nM) or RARγ (Kd, 223 nM) .
Afabicin (Debio 1450) is the proagent of Debio1452, specifically targeting staphylococci without significant activity against other Gram-positive or Gram-negative species. Debio1452 is an inhibitor FabI, an enzyme critical to fatty acid biosynthesis in staphylococci .
DiAzK is a bifunctional amino acid. DiAzK can be inserted into almost any protein interface with minimal structural perturbation using genetic code expansion .
Methyl 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzoate is a gallic acid derivant isolated from myricaria Laxiflora. Methyl 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzoate shows obvious antimicrobial activities. Methyl 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzoate shows fairly active for oxidation resistance in the presence of H2O2 .
Orsellinic acid is a compound produced by Lecanoric acid treated with alcohols. Lecanoric acid is a lichen depside isolated from a Parmotrema tinctorum specimen .
Dihydroaltenuene B is a potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 38.33 µM. Dihydroaltenuene B shows the hydrogen bonding interactions between the 3-OH and 4’-OH and the His244, Met280 and Gly281 residues of tyrosinase .
2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid ((±)-2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid), valproic acid (VPA) derivative, exhibits potential roles of HDAC inhibition (IC50=13 μM) and HSP70 induction. Potent neuroprotective effects. 2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid causes histone hyperacetylation and protect against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in cultured neurons . 2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Tau-aggregation and neuroinflammation-IN-1 is a potent tau-aggregation and neuroinflammation inhibitor. Tau-aggregation and neuroinflammation-IN-1 exhibits remarkable inhibitory activities against AcPHF6 and full-length tau aggregation. Tau-aggregation and neuroinflammation-IN-1 has a low cytotoxicity and reduced NO release in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Tau-aggregation and neuroinflammation-IN-1 can reverse okadaic acid-induced memory impairment in rats .
CP-24879 (hydrochloride) is a potent, selective and combined delta5D/delta6D inhibitor. CP-24879 (hydrochloride) can significantly reduce intracellular lipid accumulation and inflammatory injury in hepatocytes. CP-24879 (hydrochloride) exhibits superior antisteatotic and anti-inflammatory actions in fat-1 and ω-3-treated hepatocytes, and can be used for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis research .
Fast Red Violet LB is a dye for staining tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Fast Red Violet LB can be used for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity staining .
6-Aminocaproic acid hydrochloride, a monoamino carboxylic acid, is a potent and orally active inhibitor of plasmin and plasminogen. 6-Aminocaproic acid is a potent antifibrinolytic agent. 6-Aminocaproic acid prevents clot lysis through the competitive binding of lysine residues on plasminogen, inhibiting plasmin formation and reducing fibrinolysis. 6-Aminocaproic acid can be used for the research of bleeding disorders .
Ro 41-5253 is an orally active selective retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) antagonist. Ro 41-5253 can bind RARα without inducing transcription or affecting RAR/RXR heterodimerization and DNA binding. Ro 41-5253 can inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, has antitumor activity .
Hexahydrohippuric acid is a metabolite of Shikimate acid in both liver and kidney, under microbial metabolism effect. Hexahydrohippuric acid is made of cyclohexane carboxylic acid and glycinamide, and shows antibacterial activity .
6,9,12,15-Hexadecatetraenoic acid-ethyl ester is an orally active n-1PUFA. 6,9,12,15-Hexadecatetraenoic acid-ethyl ester intake can reduce plasma triglyceride content in mice .
Trimetrexate glucuronate (NSC 352122) is a folic acid antagonist. Trimetrexate glucuronate affects DNA and RNA synthesis by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase and preventing the synthesis of purine nucleotides and thymidylate. Trimetrexate glucuronate has potential antitumour activity and can also be used to inhibit Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia .
Epaminurad (UR-1102) is an orally active, potent and selective URAT1 (urate transporter 1) inhibitor, with a Ki of 0.057 μM. Epaminurad quite modestly inhibits OAT1 and OAT3 (organic anion transporter). Epaminurad is a uricosuric agent. Epaminurad can be used for gout and hyperuricemia research .
Oleoyl coenzyme A (Oleoyl-CoA) lithium is a thioester of oleic acid and coenzyme A. Oleoyl coenzyme A lithium has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite .
Propionyl coenzyme A lithium, a coenzyme A derivative of propionic acid, is an important metabolic intermediate formed by the thioester bond between coenzyme A and propionic acid. The breakdown and production of Propionyl coenzyme A lithim is important for the metabolism of organisms .
BODIPY FL C5 is a green fluorescent fatty acid. BODIPY FL C5 can be used as a precursor for the synthesis of various fluorescent phospholipids. BODIPY FL C5 is relatively insensitive to the environment and fluoresces in both water-soluble and lipid environments .
Thymolphthalein monophosphate disodium hydrate is a chromogenic substrate for the determination of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. Thymolphthalein is released during the reaction, increases the pH of the medium for easy detection, produces color and stops hydrolysis. Thymolphthalein monophosphate disodium hydrate can be used for the specific detection of prostatic phosphatase in serum .
CysOx2 is a reaction-based fluorogenic probe for sulfenic acid (Ex/Em: 394/535 nm). CysOx2 can be used for detecting protein cysteine oxidation in living cells .
Allolithocholic acid is a steroid acid could found in normal serum and feces. Allolithocholic acid facilitates excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver .
sEH inhibitor-12 (compound 34) is a sEH inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.7 μM. sEH inhibitor-12 inhibits the 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP)-mediated leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis with an IC50 value of 2.9 μM. sEH inhibitor-12 can be used for the research of inflammation .
TAMRA alkyne, 6-isomer is a linker of TAMRA which is a xanthene dye with orange emission that is commonly used for oligonucleotide labeling and amino acid sequencing. The addition of the alkyne groups allows for it to be reacted with an azide for copper-catalyzed Click Chemistry .
Agelenin is a polypeptide composed of 35 amino acids. Agelenin could be isolated from the Agelenidae spider Agelena opulenta. Agelenin has structural similarity to insect-specific calcium channel inhibitor .
Fast Red Violet LB Zinc chloride is a stain that stains tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and Fast Red Violet LB Zinc chloride can be used to stain alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity .
Lactalbumin B (50-53) Alpha [Lactorphin Alpha], bovine is a blood pressure lowering peptide containing 4 amino acids. Lactalbumin B (50-53) Alpha [Lactorphin Alpha], bovine is an angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Lactalbumin B (50-53) Alpha [Lactorphin Alpha], bovine can be used in research of high blood pressure .
BAY-252 is a potent branched-chain amino acid transaminases 1 (BCAT1) and BCAT2 inhibitor with IC50s of 2 μM and 2 μM, respectively. BAY-069 also can be used as a chemical probe. BAY-069 can be used for the research of cancer .
19(S)-HETE is an arachidonic acid metabolite produced by cytochrome P450 enzymes. 19(S)-HETE is a full orthosteric agonist of the prostacyclin (IP) receptor with an EC50 value of 567 nM. 19(S)-HETE inhibits platelet activation and relaxation of vessels .
Glycolate oxidase-IN-1(compound 26), a salicylic acid derivative, is a glycolate oxidase (GO) inhibitor with an IC50 of 38.2 μM. Glycolate oxidase-IN-1 has the ability to reduce oxalate production in hyperoxalate hepatocytes and can be used in the study of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) .
Oleoyl coenzyme A (Oleoyl-CoA) is a thioester of oleic acid and coenzyme A. Oleoyl coenzyme A has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite .
1-Palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid is a lysophosphatidic acid that causes concentration-dependent aggregation of human platelets. 1-Palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid causes changes in platelet shape, pseudopod development, and particle concentration. 1-Palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid may induce platelet aggregation by stimulating the release of intracellular Ca .
Artepillin C has gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor and choleretic activity. Artepillin C can be isolated from Brazilian green propolis .
ER 50891 quarterhydrate is a potent antagonist of retinoic acid receptor α(RARα). ER 50891 quarterhydrate significantly attenuates ATRA's inhibitive effects on BMP 2-induced osteoblastogenesis .
3FAx-Neu5Ac (compound 8), a Sialic acid peracetylated analog, is a sialyltransferase inhibitor. 3FAx-Neu5Ac substantially reduces expression of the sialylated ligand sialyl Lewis X on myeloid cells .
Tyrosinase-IN-14 (compound 7m) is a tyrosinase inhibitor that reduces the catalytic activity of tyrosinase by changing its secondary structure. Tyrosinase-IN-14 has low cytotoxicity and anti-browning activity in fruits. Tyrosinase-IN-14 effectively inhibits banana browning during storage .
(+)-Osbeckic acid is a vasorelaxatant that can be isolated from Tartary Buckwheat. (+)-Osbeckic acid has a potent vasorelaxant effect in Sprague-Dawley rat thoracic aorta rings with an EC50 of 887 μM .
Z-Gly-Pro-Phe-Leu-CHO (Z-GPFL-CHO) is a tetrapeptide aldehyde that acts as a highly selective and potent proteasomal inhibitor (Ki = 1.5 µM for branched chain amino acid preferring, 2.3 µM for small neutral amino acid preferring, and 40.5 µM for chymotrypsin-like activities; IC50 = 3.1 µM for peptidyl-glutamyl peptide hydrolyzing activity) .
retro-inverso TAT-Beclin 1 D-amino acid is has higher activity and resistance to proteolytic degradation in vivo compared to L-amino acids peptide. TAT-Beclin 1 can induce autophagy in peripheral tissues in adult mice as well as in the central nervous system of neonatal mice .
TME-HYM (PH Probe) is a novel fluorescent probe based on acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) activation and organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATPs, overexpressed on cancer cells), and can be selective uptaken. TME-HYM (PH Probe) can selectively lit up cancer cells and tumor tissues, offering dual tumor selectivity for precise visualization of tumor mass .
5(R)-HETE is a lipoxygenase product of arachidonic acid. 5(R)-HETE is an? inducer of neutrophil migration through endothelial and epithelial barriers. 5(R)-HETE is important in mediating lung inflammatory processes .
SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro-IN-23 (Compound Cd3) is a compound that can be isolated from Citrus depressa. SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro-IN-23 has good inhibitory activity to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, with KD of 0.79 μM. SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro-IN-23 can bind to key amino acid residue, disrupting the formation of the spike protein and h-ACE2 complex .
Arachidonic acid (Immunocytophyt) sodium salt is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. Arachidonic acid sodium salt also acts as the substrate for various lipid mediators, such as prostaglandins (PGs). Arachidonic acid sodium salt improves cognitive response and cardiovascular function .
(±)-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride is a fatty acid metabolite that breaks down fatty acids into energy that can be used by the body. (±)-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride also serves as a specific and easily detectable biomarker for rat skeletal muscle toxicity. Cerivastatin (HY-129458) and TMPD (HY-W012145) induce an increase in Hexanoylcarnitine in rats in a metabolomic analysis of the rectus femoris muscle. In type 2 diabetes, Hexanoylcarnitine is also significantly associated with and improves prediction of all-cause mortality. Hexanoylcarnitine is a biomarker for the identification of novel pathogenic pathways .
SYBR Green II is a fluorescent nucleic acid dye that mainly binds single-stranded nucleotides. SYBR Green II is sensitive to oligonucleotides or larger nucleic acid polymers in a variety of cells and gels. SYBR Green II can be used to study cell structure, membrane integrity or function, and cell cycle distribution. Wavelength 484/515 nm .
SYBR Green II (Ionic form) is a fluorescent nucleic acid dye that mainly binds single-stranded nucleotides. SYBR Green II is sensitive to oligonucleotides or larger nucleic acid polymers in a variety of cells and gels. SYBR Green II can be used to study cell structure, membrane integrity or function, and cell cycle distribution. Wavelength 484/515 nm .
GPR40 agonist 5 (compound I-14) is an orally active and potent GPR40 (G protein coupled receptor 40) agonist, with an EC50 of 47 nM. GPR40 agonist 5 decreases the levels of blood glucose and improves the glucose tolerance. GPR40 agonist 5 has sufficient effectiveness for the control of hyperglycemia state in type 2 diabetic mice . GPR40 agonist 5 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Pyrimethamine (Pirimecidan) is a potent, orally active dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor. Pyrimethamine is an antimalarial agent. Pyrimethamine affects the nucleoprotein metabolism of malarial parasites by interference in the folic–folinic acid systems and affects cell division by inhibiting the conversion of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate .
Acipimox (K-9321), a nicotinic acid analogue, is an antilipolytic compound. Acipimox stimulates leptin releas, inhibits lipolysis and suppresses systemic levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) and improves insulin sensitivity .
SKF-86002 is an orally active p38 MAPK inhibitor, with anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and analgesic activities. SKF-86002 inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulate human monocyte IL-1 and TNF-α production (IC50 = 1 μM). SKF-86002 inhibits lipoxygenase- and cyclooxygenase-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid .
AFN-1252 is an orally active and selective inhibitor of FabI, an essential enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis in Staphylococcus spp. AFN-1252 exhibits exquisite and highly selective activity against Staphylococcus spp. AFN-1252 exhibits typical MIC90 values of ⩽0.015 μg/ml against diverse clinical isolates of S. aureus. AFN-1252 is efficacious in a mouse model of septicemia providing 100% protection from an otherwise lethal peritoneal infection of S. aureus Smith .
Fipexide, a parachloro-phenossiacetic acid derivative, is an orally active nootropic agent. Fipexide reduces striatal adenylate cyclase activity. Fipexide has positive effect on cognitive performance by dopaminergic neurotransmission. Fipexide is used for senile dementia research. Fipexide acts as a chemical inducer in callus formation, shoot regeneration and Agrobacterium infection .
Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (EPA ethyl ester) is an orally active ω-3 fatty acid agent. Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester could improve the activity of liver β-oxidase in vitro, reduce the level of liver total triglyceride, increase the content of liver triglyceride and phospholipid ω-3 fatty acid, and increase the total ω-3 fatty acid level in rats .
NADPH tetrasodium salt functions as an important cofactor in a variety of metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. NADPH tetrasodium salt plays a vital role in the biosynthesis of agents, chiral alcohols, fatty acids and biopolymers, while also being required for lipid biosynthesis, biomass formation, and cell replication. The demand for NADPH tetrasodium salt is particularly high in proliferating cancer cells, where it acts as a cofactor for the synthesis of nucleotides, proteins, and fatty acids. NADPH tetrasodium salt is also essential for the neutralization of the dangerously high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by increased metabolic activity. NADPH tetrasodium salt is an endogenous inhibitor of ferroptosis .
Sodium dichloroacetate is a metabolic regulator in cancer cells' mitochondria with anticancer activity. Sodium dichloroacetate inhibits PDHK, resulting in decreased lactic acid in the tumor microenvironment. Sodium dichloroacetate increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and promotes cancer cell apoptosis. Sodium dichloroacetate also works as NKCC inhibitor .
10,12-Tricosadiynoic acid is a highly specific, selective, high affinity and orally active acyl-CoA oxidase-1 (ACOX1) inhibitor. 10,12-Tricosadiynoic acid can treat high fat diet- or obesity-induced metabolic diseases by improving mitochondrial lipid and ROS metabolism . 10,12-Tricosadiynoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
(Rac)-WAY-161503 is a potent, selective, highly affinity 5-HT2C receptor agonist with a Ki of 4 nM and an EC50 of 12 nM. (Rac)-WAY-161503 displays higher affinity for 5-HT2C than 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors. (Rac)-WAY-161503 has anti-obesity and antidepressant effects .
R 59-022 (DKGI-I) is a DGK inhibitor (IC50: 2.8 µM). R 59-022 inhibits the phosphorylation of OAG to OAPA. R 59-022 is a 5-HT Receptor antagonist, and activates protein kinase C (PKC). R 59-022 potentiates thrombin-induced diacylglycerol production in platelets and inhibits phosphatidic acid production in neutrophils .
Sesamin, abundant lignan found in sesame oil, is a potent and selective delta 5 desaturase inhibitor in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Sesamin exerts effective neuroprotection against cerbral ischemia .
JNJ-1661010 (Takeda-25) a potent and selective fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor with IC50s of 34 and 33 nM for rat FAAH and human FAAH, respectively. JNJ-1661010 can cross the blood-brain barrier and used as broad-spectrum analgesics .
BIZ 114 (Example 11) is a fatty acid derivative and potent inhibits the TNF-α activated NF-κΒ pathway. BIZ 114 has the potential to prevent and / or treat ophthalmic disorders such as retinal degenerative disorders and ocular inflammatory diseases .
α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer .
7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one is an intermediate in synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol. 7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one is a pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonist. 7α-Hydroxy-cholest-4-en-3-one is a biomarker for bile acid loss, irritable bowel syndrome, and other diseases associated with defective bile acid biosynthesis. 7α-Hydroxy-cholest-4-en-3-one is the physiological substrate for CYP8B1 .
Lavoltidine (Loxtidine) is an an orally active, irreversible and highly potent histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Lavoltidine strongly inhibits gastric acid secretion and also induces hypergastrinemia .
12-Ketodeoxycholic acid (12-Ketolithocholic acid) is a bile acid, metabolite from kidney. 12-Ketodeoxycholic acid can be a detectable marker for evidence of kidney injury
D-Cysteine is the D-isomer of cysteine and a powerful inhibitor of Escherichia coli growth. D-cysteine is mediated by D-amino acid oxidase to produce H2S and is a neuroprotectant against cerebellar ataxias. D-Cysteine could inhibit the growth and cariogenic virulence of dual-species biofilms formed by S. mutans and S. sanguinis .
AQC (6-Aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysccinimidyl carbamate) is a reagent used for amino acid or protein sequence analysis by HPLC with fluorescence detection. AQC reacts with primary and secondary amino acids to yield fluorescent derivates, allowing amino acid detection at under-picomolar levels .
Fipexide hydrochloride, a parachloro-phenossiacetic acid derivative, is an orally active nootropic agent. Fipexide hydrochloride reduces striatal adenylate cyclase activity. Fipexide hydrochloride has positive effect on cognitive performance by dopaminergic neurotransmission. Fipexide hydrochloride is used for senile dementia research. Fipexide hydrochloride acts as a chemical inducer in callus formation, shoot regeneration and Agrobacterium infection .
Methyl oleanonate is a natural triterpene PPARγ agonist isolated from the species of Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia . Methyl oleanonate is a modified oleanolic acid derivative with anti-cancer effects .
UNC4976 is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) peptidomimetic of CBX7 chromodomain binding to nucleic acids. UNC4976 simultaneously antagonizes H3K27me3-specific recruitment of CBX7 to target genes while increasing non-specific binding to DNA and RNA .
Apelin-12 is one of the most potent C-terminal fragments of the polypeptide that possesses a high affinity to orphan receptor APJ receptor. Apelin-12 is involved in the regulation of body fluid homeostasis and in the central control of feeding. Apelin-12 blocks HIV-1 entry through APJ receptor. Apelin-12 exerts neuroprotective effect .
S18-000003 is a potent, selective and orally active inhibitor of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma-t (RORγt), with an IC50 of <30 nM towards human RORγt in competitive binding assays. S18-000003 shows selectivity for RORγt over other ROR family members (IC50>10 μM). S18-000003 can be used for the research of psoriasis with low risk of thymic aberrations .
Aspartame acesulfame is a methyl ester of a dipeptide. Aspartame acesulfame can be used as a synthetic nonnutritive sweetener. Aspartame acesulfame is composed of phenylalanine (50%), aspartic acid (40%) and methanol (10%) .
Monocaprylin (Glyceryl monocaprylate), a monoglyceride of caprylic acid, exhibits an excellent antibacterial activity. Monocaprylin inhibits a variety of foodborne pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms and has the potential for an alternative food preservative research .
N-ε-propargyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine (H-L-Lys(Poc)-OH) is a lysine-based unnatural amino acid (UAA). N-ε-propargyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine is widely used for bio-conjugation of fluorescent probes in diverse organisms from E. coli to mammalian cells even in animals . N-ε-propargyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol is a diacylglycerol (DAG) containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. 1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol can activate PKC. 1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol also can augment nonselective cation channel (NSCC) activity .
(±)9-HpODE is a long chain lipid hydroperoxide, is a product of linoleic acid peroxidation. (±)9-HpODE can induce oxidation of intracellular glutathione (GSH). (±)9-HpODE also exhibits antimicrobial activity against various fungal and bacterial pathogens .
SKF-86002 dihydrochloride is an orally active p38 MAPK inhibitor, with anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and analgesic activities. SKF-86002 dihydrochloride inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulate human monocyte IL-1 and TNF-α production (IC50 = 1 μM). SKF-86002 dihydrochloride inhibits lipoxygenase- and cyclooxygenase-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid .
10-Nitrooleic acid (CXA-10), a nitro fatty acid, has potential effects in disease states in which oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and/or direct tissue toxicity play significant roles .
3-Chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid is a potent, orally active and selective lactate receptor GPR81 agonist, with an EC50 of 16 μM for human GPR81. 3-Chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid exhibits favorable in vivo effects on lipolysis in a mouse model of obesity .
EAAT2 activator 1 is the potent activator of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2). EAAT2 is the major glutamate transporter and functions to remove glutamate from synapses. EAAT2 activator 1 increases EAAT2 protein levels dose-dependently .
2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone is the electron transfer mediator. 2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone changes glucose metabolism of the homofermentative lactic acid bacteria .
Homocarnosine TFA is a dipeptide of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine unique to brain. Homocarnosine TFA is an inhibitory neuromodulator synthesized in the neuron from GABA and exhibiting anticonvulsant effects . Homocarnosine TFA has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, prevention of DNA damage, and inhibition of advanced glycation end-product formation .
S-2E is an orally active and noncompetitive HMG-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor. S-2E has an anti-hyperlipidemic action. S-2E has the potential for familial hypercholesterolemia and mixed hyperlipidemia research .
Lecanoric acid is a histidine-decarboxylase inhibitor isolated from fungus. The inhibition by lecanoric acid is competitive with histidineand noncompetitive with pyridoxal phosphate. Lecanoric acid did not inhibit aromatic amino acid decarboxylase .
12-Oxograndiflorenic acid is a natural product that can be isolated from vegetative Ambrosia hispida. Synonyms is ent-12-oxokaura-9(11),16-dien-19-oic acid .
Vapiprost hydrochloride is a thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist. Vapiprost inhibits the aggregation and ATP release stimulated with U-46619, collagen or arachidonic acid (AA) at an IC50 of less than 2.1×10 -8 M .
Cy5 maleimide is a CY dye. CY, short for Cyanine, is a compound consisting of two nitrogen atoms connected by an odd number of methyl units. Cyanine compounds have the characteristics of long wavelength, adjustable absorption and emission, high extinction coefficient, good water solubility and relatively simple synthesis . CY dyes are of en used for the labeling of proteins, antibodies and small molecular compounds. For the labeling of protein antibodies, the combination can be completed through a simple mixing reaction. Below, we introduce the labeling method of protein antibody labeling, which has certain reference significance .
Oct-1-en-3-ol, a fatty acid fragrant, is a self-stimulating oxylipin messenger. Oct-1-en-3-ol serves as a signaling molecule in plant cellular responses, plant-herbivore interactions, and plant-plant interactions. Oct-1-en-3-ol causes dopamine neuron degeneration through disruption of dopamine handling .
(±)-Pantothenic acid ((±)-Pantothenate), a B-vitamin, is an essential vitamin required for the biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) in mammalian cells. Pantothenic acid has protective activity against valproic acid (VPA)-induced neural tube defects (NTD) in CD-1 mice .
4-(Phenylazo)diphenylamine is an excellent colorimetric indicator for the accurate determination of the concentration for a variety of strong bases, Lewis acids, and hydride reducing agents .
COR170 (11u) is a selective CB2 inverse-agonist which is a 4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid derivative with a Ki value of 3.8 nM for CB2 receptor. COR170 can be used for the research of inflammation and neuroprotection .
Oseltamivir acid methyl ester is a precursor form of the neuraminidase inhibitor and antiviral oseltamivir acid. Oseltamivir acid methyl ester is converted to oseltamivir acid by carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) .
Nostosin G is a unique example of a linear peptide containing three subunits, 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (Hpla), homotyrosine (Hty), and argininal. Nostosin G has potent trypsin inhibitory property with an IC50 value of 0.1 μM .
AZD5462 is a RXFP1 modulator, can be used for heart failure research. RXFP1 is the cognate receptor for human relaxin, belongs to GPCR family 1c number with anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties .
NBD-X acid is a fluorescent probe for the study of fatty acids and sterols. NBD-X acid provides better yields for labelling biopolymers compared to NBD chloride and fluoride. The fluorescence spectrum of the NBD derivative is highly sensitive to the environment and the fluorescence intensity is significantly reduced in aqueous solutions .
CMX-2043 is a novel analogue of α-Lipoic Acid (HY-N0492). CMX-2043 is effective in antioxidant effect, activation of insulin receptor kinase, soluble tyrosine kinase, and Akt phosphorylation. CMX-2043 shows protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rat model .
DSPE-MAL is a thiol reactive a phospholipid compound. DSPE-MAL has two saturated fatty acids and can self-assemble in water to form lipid bilayer. DSPE-MAL can be used to prepare liposomes as agent nanocarrier .
TUG-469 is a selective free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1/GPR40) agonist with an EC50 value of 19 nM. TUG-469 is >200-fold selective for FFA1 over FFA4. TUG-469 significantly improves glucose tolerance in pre-diabetic mice. TUG-469 can be used for the research of diabetes .
Rosamultic acid is an A-ring contracted triterpene, that can be isolated from the roots of Rosa rnultiflora. Rosamultic acid inhibits gastric cancer cells proliferation by inducing apoptosis mediated through cell cycle arrest, downregulation of cell cycle related protein expressions, inhibition of cell migration, DNA damage, and activation of caspases .
Jasmonic acid ((-)-Jasmonic acid) is a plant growth regulator and a derivative of α-Linolenic acid (HY-N0728). Jasmonic acid signaling can also induce the MAP kinase cascade pathway, calcium channel, and many processes that interact with signaling molecules .
Kaempferol 3-O-(2'',4''-di-acetyl-3''-cis-p-coumaroyl-6''-trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside is a flavonoid compound that can be isolated from Quercus dentata. Kaempferol 3-O-(2'',4''-di-acetyl-3''-cis-p-coumaroyl-6''-trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside suppresses the superoxide generation induced by arachidonic acid .
UNC4976 TFA is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) peptidomimetic of CBX7 chromodomain binding to nucleic acids. UNC4976 TFA simultaneously antagonizes H3K27me3-specific recruitment of CBX7 to target genes while increasing non-specific binding to DNA and RNA .
R 59-022 (DKGI-I) hydrochloride is a DGK inhibitor (IC50: 2.8 µM). R 59-022 hydrochloride inhibits the phosphorylation of OAG to OAPA. R 59-022 hydrochloride is a 5-HT Receptor antagonist, and activates protein kinase C (PKC). R 59-022 hydrochloride potentiates thrombin-induced diacylglycerol production in platelets and inhibits phosphatidic acid production in neutrophils .
Anticancer agent 114 is a potent and orally active dipeptide boronic acid ester proteasome inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.2 nM. Anticancer agent 114 has antiproliferative activity against the RPMI-8226 cells. Anticancer agent 114 can be used in research of multiple myeloma .
(Rac)-WAY-161503 hydrochloride is a potent, selective, high affinity 5-HT2C receptor agonist with a Ki of 4 nM and an EC50 of 12 nM. (Rac)-WAY-161503 hydrochloride displays higher affinity for 5-HT2C than 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors. (Rac)-WAY-161503 hydrochloride has anti-obesity and antidepressant effects .
Acetoacetyl CoA is the precursor of HMG-CoA in the mevalonate pathway. Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase catalyzes the reaction to form acetoacetyl-CoA from two acetyl-CoA molecules. Acetoacetyl CoA is essential for cholesterol biosynthesis. Acetoacetyl-CoA is also a intermediate in the biological breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids .
Nisinic acid (C24:6n-3) is a very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (VLCPUFA) that is a component of triglycerides and cholesterol esters in mouse and rat testis .
Peptone from soya (Peptones, soybean) is a peptone that is commonly used as a component of culture medium. Peptone from soya can be used in microbiology and cell culture to provide needed sources of nitrogen, carbon and other nutrients. Peptone from soya stimulates/regulates cyclic arachidonic acid biosynthesis. Peptone from soya also exerts enteric cell activity in jejunum of piglets through this mechanism .
PKM2 activator 2 (compound 28) is a pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) activitor with an AC50 value of 66 nM. PKM2 activator 2 can restore normal glycolytic metabolism in cells .
PF-3845 is a potent, selective, irreversible and orally active inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), with a Ki of 0.23 µM. PF-3845 is a covalent inhibitor that carbamylates FAAH's serine nucleophile. PF-3845 can reduce pain sensation, inflammation, and anxiety/depression without substantial effects on motility or cognition .
Bismuth Subsalicylate is a potent and orally active antacid and anti-diarrheal agent. Bismuth Subsalicylate reduces inflammation/irritation of stomach and intestinal lining through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesisin vivo . Bismuth Subsalicylate is widely used for the research of diarrheal disorders, including indigestion, diarrhoea, nausea, et al .
Hycanthone is a thioxanthenone DNA intercalator and inhibits RNA synthesis as well as the DNA topoisomerases I and II. Hycanthone inhibits nucleic acid biosynthesis and inhibits apurinic endonuclease-1 (APE1) by direct protein binding with a KD of 10 nM. Hycanthone is a bioactive metabolite of Lucanthone (HY-B2098) and has anti-schistosomal agent .
L-Cystathionine is a nonprotein thioether and is a key amino acid associated with the metabolic state of sulfur-containing amino acids. L-Cystathionine protects against Homocysteine-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). L-Cystathionine plays an important role in cardiovascular protection .
DCP-LA (FR236924), a linoleic acid derivative, selectively and directly activates PKCε. DCP-LA activates Ca( 2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and inhibits protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1) to stimulate AMPA receptor exocytosis. DCP-LA inhibits activation of caspase-3/-9 and protects neurons at least in part from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis .
TMPyP4 tosylate (TMP 1363) is a quadruplex-specific ligand. TMPyP4 tosylate inhibits the interaction between G-quadruplexes and IGF-1. TMPyP4 tosylate is a telomerase inhibitor and inhibits cancer cells proliferation. TMPyP4 tosylate is also a stabilizer of nucleic acid secondary structure and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Besides, TMPyP4 tosylate has antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 .
Myristyl nicotinate (Tetradecyl nicotinate) is an ester proagent and a lipophilic derivative of Nicotinic acid. Myristyl nicotinate is being developed for delivery of Nicotinic acid into the skin for prevention of actinic keratosis and its progression to skin cancer. Myristyl nicotinate shows to stimulate epidermal differentiation in photodamaged skin, increasing skin NAD content and strengthening the skin barrier .
L-Canaline is a nonprotein amino acid stored in many leguminous plants. L-Canaline is a cytotoxic metabolite catalyzed by L-canavanine and its arginase. L-Canaline is a potent and irreversible inhibitor of ornithine aminotransferase. L-Canaline inhibits the growth of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum with an IC50 of 297 nM. L-Canaline has anticancer and antiproliferative effects .
Jarin-1 is a jasmonic acid-amido synthetase (JAR1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.8 μM. Jarin-1 specific inhibits bioactive JA (jasmonoyl-isoleucine, JA-Ile) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis and other plants .
L-Carnitine hydrochloride ((R)-Carnitine hydrochloride), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine hydrochloride functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine hydrochloride is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine hydrochloride can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .
Lactobionic acid is a bionic acid naturally found in the Caspian Sea yogurt and chemically constituted of a gluconic acid bonded to a galactose. Lactobionic acid has antioxidant, antimicrobial, chelating, stabilizer, acidulant, and moisturizing properties .
DL-Methionine is an essential amino acid containing sulfur with oxidative stress defense effects. DL-Methionine can be used for animal natural feed. DL-Methionine also kills H. rostochiensis on potato plants .
3-Oxo-5β-cholanoic acid (Dehydrolithocholic acid), a bile acid metabolite, inhibits the diferentiation of TH17 cells by directly binding to the key transcription factor RORγt (Kd=1.13 μM) .
Malonyl CoA (Malonyl Coenzyme A) lithium is an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1). High Malonyl CoA lithium concentrations suppress fatty acid oxidation, while low Malonyl CoA lithium concentrations are permissive for fat oxidation .
Magnesium Lithospermate B, a derivative of caffeic acid tetramer, and is extracted from Salviae miltiorrhizae. Magnesium Lithospermate B is widely used for the research of cardiovascular diseases, and it can protect against glucose-induced intracellular oxidative damage. Magnesium Lithospermate B also suppresses neuroinflammation and attenuates neurodegeneration .
P053 is a potent, non-competitive and selective ceramide synthase 1 (CerS1) inhibitor wirh an IC50 of 0.5 μM. P053 acts as an endogenous inhibitor of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in muscle. Whole-body adiposity regulator .
Metazachlor is a herbicide of the chloroacetamide class. Metazachlor is an inhibitor of the synthesis of long chain fatty acids and has an effect on cell division or tissue differentiation in the germinating and emerging weed target species .
Proteasome inhibitor IX (PS-IX; AM114) is a Chalcone derivative and a chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome inhibitor with an IC50 value of ~1 μM. Proteasome inhibitor IX exhibits HCT116 p53 +/+ cells growth inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 1.49 μM. Proteasome inhibitor IX has potent anticancer activity .
CMP-Sialic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) sodium salt is an allosteric inhibitor of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase. CMP-Sialic acid sodium salt provides a substrate for Golgi sialyltransferases. CMP-Sialic acid sodium salt is an important sugar nucleotide for biosynthesis of sialic acid and its conjugates .
Vidupiprant (AMG 853) is a phenylacetic acid derivative. Vidupiprant is a potent and orally active CRTH2 (DP2) and prostanoid D receptor (DP or DP1) dual antagonist with IC50s of 3 nM and 4 nM in buffer, and 8 nM and 35 nM in human plasma, respectively. Vidupiprant has the potential for asthma treatment .
Taurohyodeoxycholic acid is the tauroconjugated form of Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA, a dihydroxylated natural bile acid). Taurohyodeoxycholic acid induces a biliary phospholipid secretion and suggests a hepatoprotective potential. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid also can promote gallstone dissolution .
HA Peptide (TFA) is a nine amino acids peptide derived from the human influenza hemagglutinin (HA). HA Peptide (TFA) is extensively used to isolate, purify, detect, and track the protein of interest in cell biology and biochemistry .
Givosiran (ALN-AS1) is a small interfering RNA that targets hepatic aminolevulinate synthase 1 (ALAS1) messenger RNA. Givosiran downregulates ALAS1 mRNA and prevents accumulation of neurotoxic δ-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen levels. Givosiran can be used for the research of acute intermittent porphyria .
Linaprazan glurate inhibits exogenously or endogenously stimulated gastric acid secretion. Linaprazan glurate exhibits several advantageous properties, such as fast onset, high in vivo potency and/or long duration of action. Linaprazan glurate is useful in the research of gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases and peptic ulcer diseases (extracted from patent WO2010063876A1) .
Orotidine 5'-monophosphate trisodium is a pyrimidine nucleotide. Orotidine 5'-monophosphate trisodium is synthesized via the de novo synthesis pathway for DNA synthesis in a large number of microorganisms including M. tuberculosis, S. cerevisiae, S. typhimurium and P. falciparum to name a few. The synthesis of orotidine 5'-monophosphate trisodium uses phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) and orotic acid (OA) as the substrates catalyzed by orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) .
Nrf2-ARE/hMAO-B/QR2 modulator 1 is a Resveratrol-based multitarget-directed ligands with IC50s of 8.05, 9.83 and 0.57 μM for hMAO-B, NRF2 and QR2. Nrf2-ARE/hMAO-B/QR2 modulator 1 has neuroprotection, decreasing ROS production in okadaic acid-treated mice hippocampal slices .
α-Synuclein inhibitor 7 (compound 3gf) is a potent and BBB-penetrated inhibitor of α-Synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation, with an IC50 of 1.95 μM and inhibition ratio at 30 μM of 85.8% .
α-Synuclein inhibitor 4 (compound 3gh) is a potent and BBB-penetrated inhibitor of α-Synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation, with an IC50 of 0.98 μM and inhibition ratio at 30 μM of 91.2% .
α-Synuclein inhibitor 5 (compound 4aa) is a potent and BBB-penetrated inhibitor of α-Synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation, with an IC50 of 1.22 μM and inhibition ratio at 30 μM of 94.3% .
α-Synuclein inhibitor 6 (compound 3ge) is a potent and BBB-penetrated inhibitor of α-Synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation, with an IC50 of 1.70 μM and inhibition ratio at 30 μM of 94.4% .
Succinic acid sodium is a potent and orally active anxiolytic agent. Succinic acid sodium shows inhibitory effects on colonic epithelial cell proliferation in vivo. Succinic acid sodium can down-regulate the expression of KCNMB1 (potassium channel subunit β1) and TET1 (ten‑eleven translocation 1). Succinic acid sodium can be used for gestational hypertension research .
KPC-2-IN-1, boronic acid derivative, is a potent KPC-2 inhibitor with Ki of 0.032 μM. KPC-2-IN-1 enhances the activity of cefotaxime in KPC-2 expressing E. coli. KPC-2-IN-1 exhibits well tolerated in human HEK-293 cells, which can be used for the study of E. coli resistance to β-lactam antibiotics .
L-Homocysteic acid (L-HCA) is an endogenous excitatory amino acid that acts as a NMDA receptor agonist (EC50: 14 μM). L-Homocysteic acid is neurotoxic, and can be used in the research of neurological disorders .
BMS-986339 is an orally active, potent FXR agonist. BMS-986339 forms H-bond with His298 and ASN287 residues. BMS-986339 can be used in the research of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), anti-fibrosis .
Pyronin B is an organic cationic dye used for the staining of bacteria, mycobacteria and ribonucleic acids. Pyronin B is also used as a small hydrophobic (SH) protein channel inhibitor .
Poly-L-lysine (hydrobromide) (MW 70000-150000), a positively charged amino acid polymer, is a nonspecific attachment factor for cells. Poly-L-lysine (hydrobromide) (MW 70000-150000) has good biocompatibility. Poly-L-lysine (hydrobromide) (MW 70000-150000) is used to increase cell adhesion to solid substrates by enhancing electrostatic interaction between negatively charged ions of the cell membrane and the culture surface .
Poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (MW 150000-300000), a positively charged amino acid polymer, is a nonspecific attachment factor for cells. Poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (MW 150000-300000) has good biocompatibility. Poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (MW 150000-300000) is used to increase cell adhesion to solid substrates by enhancing electrostatic interaction between negatively charged ions of the cell membrane and the culture surface .
Clofibride is an orally active hypolipaemic agent of pchlorophenoxyisobutyric type. Clofibride has weak toxicity and marked hypocholesterolaemic and hypotriglyceridaemic activity. Clofibride is converted into 4-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (CPIB) and 4-hydroxy-N-dimethylbutyramide (HMB) in vivo .
Fmoc-L-Dap(Pentynoyl)-OH is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Fmoc-L-Dap(Pentynoyl)-OH serves as an amino acid building block for introducing alkyne functions into peptide sequences by standard Fmoc/tBu protocols. The alkyne residue can be engaged for copper catalyzed click reaction with organic azides or with tetrazines for copper-free conjugations . Fmoc-L-Dap(Pentynoyl)-OH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
RGD-4C is a arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide (ACDCRGDCFC) with integrin binding activity. The Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence serves as the primary integrin recognition site in extracellular matrix proteins, and peptides containing this sequence can mimic the recognition specificity of the matrix proteins. RGD-4C is a αv-integrin ligand, can conjugate with bioactive molecule to exert antitumor effects in animal models .
Glutamate dehydrogenase is an enzyme in both prokaryotes and eukaryotic mitochondria. Glutamate dehydrogenase can be used for the enzymatic determination of ammonia, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, L-glutamate and urease .
Trihydroxycholestanoic acid is an endogenous metabolite present in Blood that can be used for the research of Zellweger Syndrome, Refsum Disease, D Bifunctional Protein Deficiency and Infantile Refsum Disease .
CMP-Sialic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) is an allosteric inhibitor of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase. CMP-Sialic acid provides a substrate for Golgi sialyltransferases. CMP-Sialic acid is an important sugar nucleotide for biosynthesis of sialic acid and its conjugates .
P-CAB agent 2 is a potent and orally active potassium-competitive acid blocker and a gastric acid secretion inhibitor. P-CAB agent 2 inhibits H +/K +-ATPase activity with an IC50 value of <100 nM. P-CAB agent 2 inhibits the hERG potassium channel with an IC50 value of 18.69 M. P-CAB agent 2 shows no acute toxicity and inhibits histamine (HY-B1204)-induced gastric acid secretion .
P-CAB agent 2 hydrochloride is a potent and orally active potassium-competitive acid blocker and a gastric acid secretion inhibitor. P-CAB agent 2 hydrochloride inhibits H +/K +-ATPase activity with an IC50 value of <100 nM. P-CAB agent 2 hydrochloride inhibits the hERG potassium channel with an IC50 value of 18.69 M. P-CAB agent 2 hydrochloride shows no acute toxicity and inhibits histamine (HY-B1204)-induced gastric acid secretion .
Phanquone (11925 C; Entronon) derives from a hydride of a 4,7-phenanthroline. Phanquone is applied as an original precolumn derivatization reagent for amino acids .
VCP/p97 inhibitor-1 is a potent inhibitor of VCP/p97 (also called Cdc48, CDC-. 48, or Ter94) with an IC50 of 54.7 nM. VCP/p97 inhibitor-1 causes the dysregulation of protein homeostasis and disturbs the degradation of misfolded polypeptides by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) .
FFN 206 dihydrochloride, a fluorescent probe, is used as an excellent Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 (VMAT2) substrate with an apparent Km of 1.16 μM. FFN 206 dihydrochloride is capable of detecting VMAT2 activity in intact cells using fluorescence microscopy, with subcellular localization to VMAT2-expressing acidic compartments without apparent labeling of other organelles .
13-HPOT, a linolenic fatty acid hydroperoxide, is an antibacterial agent. 13-HPOT has a strong dose response effect on three plant pathogen gram negative bacteria: Pectobacterium carotovorum, Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas translucens. 13-HPOT can interact with the lipid representative of the inner bacterial plasma membrane .
Linoleyl carnitine is an acylcarnitine used to study long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and fatty acid oxidation disorders in fibroblasts .
COX-2/LOX-IN-2 (compound 6) is a dual inhibitor of COX-2/LOX with IC50s of 7.0 μM and 27.5 μM, respectively. COX-2/LOX-IN-2 has antioxidant activity and has the potential to be used in the development of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tNSAIDs) .
17R-HETE is an arachidonic acid metabolite through cytochrome P-450 pathways. 17R-HETE exhibits efficacy in inducing cardic hypertrophy with less efficiency with compared to 17S-HETE .
(Z)-2-decenoic acid (cis-2-Decenoic acid) is an unsaturated fatty acid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (Z)-2-decenoic acid induces a dispersion response in biofilms formed by a range of gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa, and by gram-positive bacteria. (Z)-2-decenoic acid inhibits biofilm development .
Baclofen, a lipophilic derivative of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is an orally active, selective metabotropic GABAB receptor (GABABR) agonist. Baclofen mimics the action of GABA and produces slow presynaptic inhibition through the GABAB receptor. Baclofen has high blood brain barrier penetrance. Baclofen has the potential for muscle spasticity research .
CP-640186 hydrochloride is an orally active and cell-permeable Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor with IC50s of 53 nM and 61 nM for rat liver ACC1 and rat skeletal muscle ACC2 respectively. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a key enzyme of fatty acid metabolism that enables the synthesis of malonyl-CoA. CP-640186 hydrochloride can also stimulate muscle fatty acid oxidation .
Etomoxir((R)-(+)-Etomoxir) sodium salt is an irreversible inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT-1a), inhibits fatty acid oxidation (FAO) through CPT-1a and inhibits palmitate β-oxidation in human, rat and guinea pig .
Orlistat (Tetrahydrolipstatin) is a well-known irreversible inhibitor of pancreatic and gastric lipases. Orlistat is also an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FASN), is used orally for long-term research of obesity . Anti-atherosclerotic effect .
Secretin, porcine (Porcine secretin acetate) is a 27-amino acid peptide, acting on pancreatic acinar cells and ductal epithelial cells stimulating the production of bicarbonate rich fluid.
Baclofen-d4 is the deuterium labeled Baclofen. Baclofen, a lipophilic derivative of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is an orally active, selective metabotropic GABAB receptor (GABABR) agonist. Baclofen mimics the action of GABA and produces slow presynaptic inhibition through the GABAB receptor. Baclofen has high blood brain barrier penetrance. Baclofen has the potential for muscle spasticity research[1][2][3].
Taniborbactam (VNRX-5133) is a reversible and selective boronic acid-containing pan-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitor with IC50s of 8-530 nM. Taniborbactam has IC50s of 30 nM, 32 nM, 42 nM, 20 nM for KPC-2, AmpC, OXA-48, and VIM-2. Taniborbactam is against Gram-negative bacteria .
RORγt Inverse agonist 10 is a potent and orally bioavailable RORγt (retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma t) inverse agonist, with an IC50 of 51 nM. RORγt is a major transcription factor of genes related to psoriasis pathogenesis such as IL-17A, IL-22, and IL-23R
Secretin, porcine TFA (Porcine secretin TFA) is a 27-amino acid peptide, acting on pancreatic acinar cells and ductal epithelial cells stimulating the production of bicarbonate rich fluid .
Ganoderic acid F is a ganoderic acid. Ganoderic acid F exhibits antitumor and antimetastatic activities through inhibition of angiogenesis and alteration of proteins involving cell proliferation and/or cell death, carcinogenesis, oxidative stress, calcium signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum stress .
Glufosinate ammonium, a phosphinic acid analogue of glutamic acid, is an herbicide which is converted by plant cells into PT (L-phosphinothricin). Glufosinate ammonium exerts neurotoxic activity .
Glufosinate, a phosphinic acid analogue of glutamic acid, is a herbicide which is converted by plant cells into PT (L-phosphinothricin). Glufosinate exerts neurotoxic activity .
Thiocolchicoside is a competitive γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor antagonist and glycine receptor agonist in the central nervous system. Thiocolchicoside is a semisynthetic sulfur derivative of colchicoside. Thiocolchicoside is a muscle relaxant and has anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties .
Taniborbactam hydrochloride (VNRX-5133 hydrochloride) is a reversible and selective boronic acid-containing pan-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitor with IC50s of 8-530 nM. Taniborbactam hydrochloride has IC50s of 30 nM, 32 nM, 42 nM, 20 nM for KPC-2, AmpC, OXA-48, and VIM-2. Taniborbactam hydrochloride is against Gram-negative bacteria .
Stearyl glycyrrhetinate, a major component in licorice extract, has a MIC against S. aureus strains of more than 256 mg/L. Stearyl glycyrrhetinate has antibacterial effects .
CP-640186 is an orally active and cell-permeable Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor with IC50s of 53 nM and 61 nM for rat liver ACC1 and rat skeletal muscle ACC2 respectively. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a key enzyme of fatty acid metabolism that enables the synthesis of malonyl-CoA. CP-640186 can also stimulate muscle fatty acid oxidation .
SR 11302 is an activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor inhibitor. SR 11302 is a retinoid that specifically inhibits AP-1 activity without activating the transcription of retinoic acid response element (RARE) .
ICA-105665 (PF-04895162) is a potent and orally active neuronal Kv7.2/7.3 and Kv7.3/7.5 potassium channels opener. ICA-105665 inhibits liver mitochondrial function and bile salt export protein (BSEP) transport (IC50 of 311 μM). ICA-105665 can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and has antiseizure effects .
Ned-K is a nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) antagonist. Ned-K is effective at dampening simulated ischaemia and reperfusion (sIR)-induced Ca 2+ oscillations in cardiomyocytes .
HKOCl-4 (BXY2142) is a rhodol-based yellow fluorescent probe for the detection of hypochlorous acid with excellent sensitivity and selectivity . HKOCl-4 has longer absorption wavelength and better pH stability compared with fluorescein-based probes. Ex: 530 nm; Em 557 nm.
CD73-IN-4 is a potent and selective methylenephosphonic acid CD73 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 2.6 nM for human CD73. CD73-IN-4 is potential for the research of cancer immunology .
Amustaline (S-303) dihydrochloride, a nucleic acid-targeted alkylator, is an efficient pathogen inactivation agent for blood components containing red blood cells. Amustaline dihydrochloride has three components: an acridine anchor (an intercalator that targets nucleic acids non-covalently), an effector (a bis-alkylator group that reacts with nucleophiles), and a linker (a small flexible carbon chain containing a labile ester bond that hydrolyzes at neutral pH to yield non-reactive breakdown products) .
Sterculic acid is a stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) inhibitor. Sterculic acid specifically inhibits the delta-9 desaturase (Δ9D) activity with an IC50 value of 0.9 μM .
CVT-11127 is a potent SCD inhibitor. CVT-11127 induces apoposis and arrests the cell cycle at the G1/S phase. CVT-11127 has the potential for the research of lung cancer .
Glycolithocholic acid (Lithocholylglycine) sodium is the sodium salt of Glycolithocholic acid. Glycolithocholic acid is a glycine-conjugated secondary bile acid. Glycolithocholic acid can be used to diagnose ulcerative colitis (UC), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) .
AZ1729 is a potent free fatty acid 2 receptor (FFA2) activator, acting as a direct allosteric agonist and as a positive allosteric modulator. AZ1729 increases the activity of the endogenously produced short chain fatty acid propionate in Gi-mediated pathways, but not at those transduced by Gq/G11. AZ1729 induces inhibition of isoproterenol-induced lipolysis in mouse adipocytes. AZ1729 also can Induce migration of human neutrophils. AZ1729 can be used for researching the signaling pathways of the physiological roles of FFA2 .
SV5 is a potent anti-Alzheimer agent. SV5 can significantly protect SHSY-5Y cells against Aβ1-42-induced death. SV5 shows moderate antioxidant and good neuroprotective activities. SV5 shows the high stability in human plasma and the best pharmacological profile .
AS057278 is a potent, selective, orally active and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant non-peptidic D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.91 μM and EC50 of 2.2-3.95 μM. AS057278 can normalize phencyclidine (PCP)-induced prepulse inhibition in mice. AS057278 can be used for researching schizophrenia .
JZP-361 is a potent, reversible and selective inhibitor of human recombinant MAGL (hMAGL) with an IC50 of 46 nM. JZP-361 also shows antihistaminergic activities and can be used for asthma research .
N-Acetyl-DL-phenylalanine β-naphthyl ester is an aromatic amino acid ester, which functions as a chromogenic substrate for chymotrypsin and microbial serine proteases such as subtilisin .
Baclofen hydrochloride, a lipophilic derivative of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is an orally active, selective metabotropic GABAB receptor (GABABR) agonist. Baclofen hydrochloride mimics the action of GABA and produces slow presynaptic inhibition through the GABAB receptor. Baclofen hydrochloride has high blood brain barrier penetrance. Baclofen hydrochloride has the potential for muscle spasticity research .
BPH-1086 (compound 10) is an IspH inhibitor, IspH domain fused with ribosomal protein S1 (RPS1) can bind to mRNA or form part of the bacterial ribosome .
Butibufen is an orally active non-steroidal compound. Butibufen shows analgesic and antipyretic properties. Butibufen can be used for the research of inflammation .
IRG1-IN-1 is an itaconic acid derivative. IRG1-IN-1 can inhibit immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1) activity. IRG1-IN-1 can be used for the research of cancer, inflammation and autoimmune diseases .
EGR240 is a branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase 1 (BCAT1) inhibitor. EGR240 can be used for the research of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and bone disease .
Hyocholic Acid is a bile acid found in pig. Hyocholic Acid can also be found in urine samples from patients with cholestasis. Hyocholic Acid promotes GLP-1 secretion via activating TGR5 and inhibiting FXR in enteroendocrine cells. Hyocholic Acid is known for its exceptional resistance to type 2 diabetes .
9AzNue5Ac, 9-azido-9-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid, is a click chemistry reagent and a Neu5Ac analogue with the substitution of 9-hydroxyl group with an azide. 9AzNue5Ac could be metabolized and incorporated into sialoglycans in living cells and mice. Click chemistry has great potential for use in binding between nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and other molecules, and has been used in many research fields because of its beneficial characteristics, including high yield, high specificity, and simplicity .
Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a prostanoid mediator produced by the metabolism of Arachidonic acid (HY-109590) through the cyclooxygenase pathway. Thromboxane A2 activates the thromboxane-prostanoid (TP) receptors. Thromboxane A2 is a potent vasoconstrictor eicosanoid. Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) leads to potent vasoconstriction by stimulation of smooth muscle cells. Thromboxane A2 acts as s tonic immunoregulator to regulate adaptive immune responses .
Oleanolic aldehyde is an antimicrobial compound used to inhibit oral bacteria. Oleanolic aldehyde inhibits Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, which are associated with dental caries and periodontal disease, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 488 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL, respectively .
Snailase, Snail gastrointestinal is an enzyme mixture composed of more than 20 enzymes, which is often used for enzymatic hydrolysis of purified flavonoid glycosides. Snailase can be obtained from the digestive tract and includes cellulase, sucrase, hemicellulase, pectinase, polygalacturonase, protease, etc .
ICI D1542 is a selective and potent inhibitor of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthase and the thromboxane A2 receptor (TP-receptor). ICI D1542 is effective at preventing thrombus formation by redirection of arachidonic acid metabolism .
20-SOLA is the first water soluble and orally active 20-HETE antagonist. 20-SOLA greatly ameliorates changes in blood pressure and renal injury associated with a streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mouse model. 20-SOLA also is a GPR75 receptor blocker. 20-SOLA can be used for the research of cardiovascular pathologies .
malonyl-NAC increases cellular propylation, resulting in reduced endogenous GAPDH activity. malonyl-NAC increases GAPDH malonylation in cells and inhibits pyruvate kinase activity. In addition, malonyl-NAC limits the metabolism and proliferation of a highly glycolytic kidney cancer cell line harboring a tricarboxylic acid cycle mutation .
Nizatidine is a potent and orally active histamine H2 receptor antagonist, can be used for the research of stomach and intestines ulcers. Nizatidine works by decreasing the secretion of gastric acid the stomach makes and prevent ulcers from coming back after they have healed in animal models .
Apramycin (EBL 1003) is an orally active, acidic pH tolerant and aminoglycoside-modifying-enzymes-tolerant aminoglycoside antibiotic which inhibits protein biosynthesis by targeting the bacterial ribosome. Apramycin is a potential anti-drug-resistance antibiotic .
Veliflapon (BAY X 1005; DG-031) is an orally active and selective 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor . Veliflapon inhibits the synthesis of the leukotrienes B4 and C4 .
Ermanin is a flavonoid isolated from Tanacetum microphyllum. Ermanin potently inhibits iNOS, COX-2 activities, and inhibits platelet aggregation. Ermanin has anti-inflammatory, anti-tuberculous and anti-viral/bacterial properties .
Asimilobine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from plant species of Magnolia obobata Thun. Asimilobine is a dopamine biosynthesis inhibitor and a serotonergic receptor antagonist. Asimilobine shows an antimalarial and anti-cancer activity .
(R)-Lisofylline ((R)-Lisophylline) is a (R)-enantiomer of the metabolite of Pentoxifylline with anti-inflammatory properties. (R)-Lisofylline is a lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.6 µM and interrupts IL-12 signaling-mediated STAT4 activation. (R)-Lisofylline has the potential for type 1 diabetes, autoimmune disorders research .
TPC2-A1-P is a powerful and membrane permeable agonist of two pore channel 2 (TPC2) with an EC50 of 10.5 μM. TPC2-A1-P plays its role by mimicking the physiological actions of PI(3,5)P2. TPC2-A1-P also shows higher potency to induce Na 2+ mobilisation from TPC2 than TPC-A1-N (HY-131614). TPC2-A1-P can be used to probe different functions of TPC2 channels in intact cells .
Teclozan (WIN 13146) is an antiprotozoal agent, class in benzylamine derivatives. Teclozan intervenes in the phospholipid metabolism preventes the formation of arachidonic acid. Teclozan acts in the intestinal lumen being effective in Anti-G. intestinalis. Teclozan can be used for the research of protozoan infections .
PDPOB is a phenyl carboxylic acid derivative. PDPOB displays protective roles against OGD/R-evoked multiaspect neuronal deterioration in SH-SY5Y cells, as evidenced by alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. PDPOB has the potential for the research of cerebral ischemia .
Thielavin A is an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis produced by Thielavia terricola. Thielavin A specifically inhibits the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin H2. Thielavin A has no anti-inflammatory activity on intravenous injection or on oral administration .
TC-F2 is a reversible non-covalent binding inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) with an IC50 of 28 nM. FAAH is involved in many human diseases, particularly cancer, pain and inflammation as well as neurological, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders .
YW1128 (compound 3a) is a potent Wnt/β-Catenin inhibitor. YW1128 induces the proteasome degradation of β-catenin and subsequent inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cells. YW1128 significantly decreases hepatic lipid accumulation. YW1128 improves glucose tolerance of high fat diet-fed mice without noticeable toxicity. YW1128 down regulates the genes involved in the glucose and fatty acid anabolism .
(±)-α-Tocopherol acetate ((±)-Vitamin E acetate), is a orally active synthetic form of vitamin E. (±)-α-Tocopherol acetate is the ester of acetic acid and α-tocopherol. (±)-α-Tocopherol acetate can be used for the research of the susceptibility of farmed fish to infectious diseases .
Pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate is the active form of vitamin B6 bound to phosphoric acid. Pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate is the aminated form of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrate (HY-W011727A) and as co-factor of a variety of enzymes central metabolite, potent antioxidant, vitamin B6 vitamer and enzyme substrate. Pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate can be interconverted with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrate .
hMAO-B/MB-COMT-IN-1 is a dual MAO-B/MB-COMT inhibitor (IC50s: 2.5 μΜ for hMAO-B, 3.84 μΜ for MB-COMT). hMAO-B/MB-COMT-IN-1 protects cells against oxidative damage. hMAO-B/MB-COMT-IN-1 can be used in the research of neurodegeneration disease, such as Parkinson’s Disease (PD) .
hMAO-B/MB-COMT-IN-2 is a dual MAO-B/MB-COMT inhibitor (IC50s: 4.27 μΜ for hMAO-B, 2.69 μΜ for MB-COMT). hMAO-B/MB-COMT-IN-2 protects cells against oxidative damage. hMAO-B/MB-COMT-IN-2 can be used in the research of neurodegeneration disease, such as Parkinson’s Disease (PD) .
Zilucoplan (RA101495), a 15-amino acid macrocyclic peptide, is a potent complement component 5 (C5) inhibitor. Zilucoplan can be used in research of immune-mediated necrotising myopathy (IMNM) .
Exendin-4 (3-39) is a peptide. Exendin-4 (3-39) is a truncated form of Exendin-4 (HY-13443) that lacks the first two amino acids. Exendin-4 is a potent Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1r) agonist. Exendin-4 (3-39) and Exendin-4 can be used for the research of diabetic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis .
GVLSNVIGYLKKLGTGALNAVLKQ is an antimicrobial peptide with 24-amino acid. GVLSNVIGYLKKLGTGALNAVLKQ can potentially form α-helix. GVLSNVIGYLKKLGTGALNAVLKQ (PGQ) has activity against Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans .
Pipemidic acid trihydrate, a derivative of Piromidic acid, is an antibacterial agent. Pipemidic acid trihydrate inhibits DNA gyrase. Pipemidic acid trihydrate is active against gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as some gram-positive bacteria. Pipemidic acid trihydrate can be used for the research of intestinal, urinary, and biliary tract infections .
18β-Glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate (Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-(hydrogen sulfate)) is a potent type 2 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.10 µM using rat kidney microsome. 18β-Glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate is the major metabolite of Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). 18β-Glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate is the substrate of organic anion transporter (OAT) 1 and OAT3. 18β-Glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate has anti-inflammatory effects and has the potential for pseudohyperaldosteronism research .
CooP is a linear glioblastoma-targeting nonapeptide. CooP binds to the mammary-derived growth inhibitor/fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) in the glioblastoma cells and its associated vasculature. CooP is used for the targeted delivery of chemotherapy and different nanoparticles .
COX-2-IN-31 (compound 7b) is an orally active and dual inhibitor of COX-2 (IC50=60 nM) and 5-LOX (IC50=1.9 μM). COX-2-IN-31 also inhibits transmembrane hCA IX(Ki=48.9 nM) and hCA XII(Ki=5.8 nM) activity. COX-2-IN-31 exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity .
3-Fluoro-L-tyrosine is a tyrosine analogue, inhibits transamination by tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT). And 3-FluoroL-tyrosine has been shown to be biologically incorporated into proteins in place of tyrosine. 3-Fluoro-L-tyrosine pretends to be the substrate of rat liver tyrosine aminotransferase, markedly disturbs the Tyr-TAT association .
AT2 receptor ligand-1(compound 14) is a potent angiotensin AT2 receptor ligand with the Ki 4.9 nM. AT2 receptor ligand-1 shows high stability in microsomes of the sulfonamide ligands .
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (12-Deoxycholyltaurine) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid induces apoptosis and shows obvious anti-inflammatory and immune regulation properties .
Dehydroabietic acid is a diterpene resin acid that can be isolated from Pinus and Picea. Dehydroabietic acid has anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Dehydroabietic acid is a dual PPAR-α/γ agonist and PPAR-γ partial agonist, which can attenuate insulin resistance (IR) and hepatic steatosis induced by HFD-consumption in mice .
DMNB-caged-Serine is a photocaged amino acid. DMNB-caged-Serine can be used as a catalytic residue, hydrogen bonding partner or site of post-translational modification. DMNB-caged-Serine can be used for the control of protein phosphorylation .
TPC2-A1-N is a powerful and Ca 2+-permeable agonist of two pore channel 2 (TPC2), which plays its role by mimicking the physiological actions of NAADP. TPC2-A1-P reproducibly evokes significant Ca 2+ responses from TPC2 (EC50=7.8 μM), and the effect can be blocked by several TPC blockers. TPC2-A1-N can be used to probe different functions of TPC2 channels in intact cells .
Glycolithocholic acid (Lithocholylglycine), an endogenous metabolite, is a glycine-conjugated secondary bile acid. Glycolithocholic acid can be used to diagnose ulcerative colitis (UC), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) .
Cytidine 5′-triphosphate (Cytidine triphosphate; 5'-CTP) is a nucleoside triphosphate and serves as a building block for nucleotides and nucleic acids, lipid biosynthesis. Cytidine triphosphate synthase can catalyze the formation of cytidine 5′-triphosphate from uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate is an essential biomolecule in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in T. gondii .
Isoallolithocholic acid (3β-Hydroxy-5α-cholanic acid), a derivative of Lithocholic acid (HY-10219), is a T cell regulator. Isoallolithocholic acid enhances regulatory T cells (Tregs) differentiation .
ROCK2-IN-5 (compound 1d) is a hybrid compound containing structural fragments of the Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil and the NRF2 inducers caffeic and ferulic acids. ROCK2-IN-5 has good multitarget profile and good tolerability. ROCK2-IN-5 has the potential for thr research of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with a SOD1 mutation .
URAT1 inhibitor 2 is an orally active and potent URAT1 and CYP isozyme inhibitor, with IC50 values of 1.36 μM, 16.97 μM, 5.22 μM for URAT1-mediated 14C-UA uptake, CYP1A2 and CYP2C9, respectively. URAT1 inhibitor 2 is a promising agent candidate in the study of hyperuricemia and gout .
UCM05 (G28UCM) is a potent inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FASN) shows activity against HER2+ breast cancer xenografts and is active in anti-HER2 drug-resistant cell lines. UCM05 is a Filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z (FtsZ) inhibitor and inhibits the growth of the Gram-positive bacterium B. subtilis with MIC values of 100 μM but lack activity on the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli.
CP-775146 is a selective PPARα agonist that binds strongly to the PPARα ligand. CP-775146 efficiently alleviates obesity-induced liver damage, prevents lipid accumulation by activating the liver fatty acid β-oxidation pathway .
HDAC3/6-IN-2 (compound 15) is a potent HDAC6 and HDAC3 inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.368 and 0.635 μM, respectively. HDAC3/6-IN-2 shows antitumor activity, and induces cancer cell apoptosis. HDAC3/6-IN-2 decreases the levels of HDAC6 and HDAC3, associated with upregulation of acetylated H3 and α-tubulin .
RORγt inverse agonist 30 (Compound 1) is a potent RORγt inverse agonist with the IC50 of 46 nM. Targeting the nuclear receptor RORγt is effective in autoimmune disorders .
BDP 630/650 carboxylic acid is a bright far-red fluorophore based on a borondipyrromethene scaffold. BDP 630/650 carboxylic acid is a BDP linker containing carboxylic acid. BDP 630/650 carboxylic acid can react with primary amine groups to form a stable amide bond. (λex=630 nm, λem=650 nm) .
Conantokin-T is a γ-carboxyglutamate-containing, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist peptidewith an IC50 value of 2 μM. Conantokin-T inhibits NMDA receptor-mediated calcium influx in central nervous system neurons. Conantokin-T can be purified from the venom of the fish-hunting cone snail, Conus tulipa .
Kojibiose, an orally active prebiotic disaccharide, can specifically inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase I. kojibiose is a proliferation factor for Bifidobacterium, lactic acid bacteria, and eubacteria. kojibiose is a low-calorie sweetener capable of increasing the absorption of iron. Kojibiose exhibits antitoxic activity. Kojibiose reduces hepatic expression of inflammatory markers in vivo .
HAA-09 is an orally active and potent anti-influenza agent, targeting the influenza PB2_cap binding domain. HAA-09 displays potent anti-influenza A virus activity, with an EC50 of 0.03 μM. HAA-09 shows polymerase inhibition, with an IC50 of 0.06±0.004 μM. HAA-09 blocks virus replication without causing obvious cytotoxicity .
Cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside is the main anthocyanin in purple-fleshed sweet potato and affects the antioxidant activity of purple-fleshed sweet potato .
FASN-IN-6 (compound 44) is a potent fatty acid biosynthesis (FAB) inhibitor. FASN-IN-6 is an antibacterial agent with MICs of 1 μg/mL and 4 μg/mL for S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. faecalis ATCC 29212, respectively .
Cytidine-5'-triphosphate- 13C,d1 (Cytidine triphosphate- 13C,d1 dilithium; 5'-CTP- 13C,d1) dilithium is deuterium and 13C-labeled Cytidine-5'-triphosphate (HY-125818). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate (Cytidine triphosphate; 5'-CTP) is a nucleoside triphosphate and serves as a building block for nucleotides and nucleic acids, lipid biosynthesis. Cytidine triphosphate synthase can catalyze the formation of cytidine 5′-triphosphate from uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate is an essential biomolecule?in the de novo?pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in?T. gondii.
Cytidine-5'-triphosphate- 13C9 (Cytidine triphosphate- 13C9 dilithium; 5'-CTP- 13C9) dilithium is 13C-labeled Cytidine-5'-triphosphate (HY-125818). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate (Cytidine triphosphate; 5'-CTP) is a nucleoside triphosphate and serves as a building block for nucleotides and nucleic acids, lipid biosynthesis. Cytidine triphosphate synthase can catalyze the formation of cytidine 5′-triphosphate from uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate is an essential biomolecule?in the de novo?pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in?T. gondii.
Cytidine-5'-triphosphate- 15N3 (Cytidine triphosphate- 15N3 dilithium; 5'-CTP- 15N3) dilithium is 15N labeled Cytidine-5'-triphosphate (HY-125818). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate (Cytidine triphosphate; 5'-CTP) is a nucleoside triphosphate and serves as a building block for nucleotides and nucleic acids, lipid biosynthesis. Cytidine triphosphate synthase can catalyze the formation of cytidine 5′-triphosphate from uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate is an essential biomolecule?in the de novo?pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in?T. gondii.
Cytidine-5'-triphosphate- 15N3,d14 (Cytidine triphosphate- 15N3,d14 dilithium; 5'-CTP- 15N3,d14) dilithium is deuterium and 15N labeled Cytidine-5'-triphosphate (HY-125818). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate (Cytidine triphosphate; 5'-CTP) is a nucleoside triphosphate and serves as a building block for nucleotides and nucleic acids, lipid biosynthesis. Cytidine triphosphate synthase can catalyze the formation of cytidine 5′-triphosphate from uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate is an essential biomolecule?in the de novo?pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in?T. gondii.
Cytidine-5'-triphosphate-d14 (Cytidine triphosphate-d14 dilithium; 5'-CTP-d14) dilithium is deuterium labeled Cytidine-5'-triphosphate (HY-125818). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate (Cytidine triphosphate; 5'-CTP) is a nucleoside triphosphate and serves as a building block for nucleotides and nucleic acids, lipid biosynthesis. Cytidine triphosphate synthase can catalyze the formation of cytidine 5′-triphosphate from uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate is an essential biomolecule?in the de novo?pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in?T. gondii.
Idebenone, a well-appreciated mitochondrial protectant, exhibits protective efficacy against neurotoxicity and can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease. Idebenone (oxidised form) has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the enzymatic metabolism of arachidonic acid in astroglial homogenates (IC50=16.65 μM) . Idebenone, a coenzyme Q10 analog and an antioxidant, induces apoptotic cell death in the human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells . Idebenone quickly crosses the blood-brain barrier.
Elobixibat (A 3309; AZD 7806) is an orally effective Apical Sodium-Dependent Bile (IBAT) inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 0.53 nM (human IBAT ), 0.13 nM (mouse IBAT), 5.8 nM (canine IBAT). Elobixibat lowers LDL cholesterol, increases serum GLP-1, promotes colon motility, and has the potential to treat metabolic syndrome. Elobixibat can be used to study constipation, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic hepatitis, and liver tumors .
Trisdecanoin (Tricaprin; Glyceryl tridecanoate) is an orally available precursor of decanoic acid (DA precursor) that can be hydrolyzed to decanoic acid. Trisdecanoin and its metabolite capric acid not only provide the body with a quick source of energy, but can also affect lipid metabolism. Trisdecanoin is a major component of medium chain triglycerides (MCT), which has preventive or inhibitory properties for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), inhibition of cardiovascular disease, and anti-androgen (NSAA) and anti-hyperglycemic properties. Trisdecanoin can be used as an additive in food, medicine and cosmetics .
Tributyrin (Glyceryl tributyrate), a neutral short-chain fatty acid triglyceride, is a stable and rapidly absorbed proagent of Butyric Acid. Tributyrin diffuses through biological membranes and is metabolized by intracellular lipases, releasing effective butyrate directly into the cell in vivo. Tributyrin has potent antiproliferative, proapoptotic and differentiation-inducing effects .
OMDM-6 is a hybrid agonist of vanilloid receptor type 1 (VR1, TRPV1) (EC50=75 nM) and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) (Ki=3.2 μM). OMDM-6 inhibits anandamide cellular uptake (ACU) with a Ki of 7.0 μM .
OMDM-5 is a selective inhibitor of anandamide cellular uptake (ACU), with a Ki of 4.8 μM. OMDM-5 is also a potent vanilloid receptor type 1 (VR1, TRPV1) agonist, with an EC50 of 75 nM, and shows weakly active as cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) ligand (Ki=4.9 μM) .
Lactate (Lactic acid) is a hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) activator and an epigenetic modulator inducing lysine residues lactylation. Lactate is a glycolysis end-product, bridging the gap between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Lactate is an oncometabolite and has immune protective role of lactate in anti-tumor immunity .
GPR is a three amino acid peptide. GPR can rescue cultured rat hippocampal neurons from Aβ-induced neuronal death by inhibiting caspase-3/p53 dependent apoptosis. GPR can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
LY294002 is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of PI3K with IC50s of 0.5, 0.57, and 0.97 μM for PI3Kα, PI3Kδ and PI3Kβ, respectively . LY294002 also inhibits CK2 with an IC50 of 98 nM . LY294002 is a competitive DNA-PK inhibitor that binds reversibly to the kinase domain of DNA-PK with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. LY294002 is an apoptosis activator .
L-Tryptophan (Tryptophan) is an orally active and essential amino acid that is the precursor of serotonin, melatonin, and vitamin B3. L-Tryptophan can promote an increase in stemness and osteogenic ability of BMSCs in vitro and in vivo. L-Tryptophan inhibits cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest with high levels .
DMG-PEG 2000 is used for the preparation of liposome for siRNA delivery with improved transfection efficiency in vitro. DMG-PEG 2000 is also used for the lipid nanoparticle for an oral plasmid DNA delivery approach in vivo through a facile surface modification to improve the mucus permeability and delivery efficiency of the nanoparticles .
12-HETE, a major metabolic product of arachidonic acid using 12-LOX catalysis, inhibits cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. 12-HETE promotes the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB through the integrin-linked kinase (ILK) pathway .12-HETE has both anti-thrombotic and pro-thrombotic effects . 12-HETE is a neuromodulator .
ONO-0300302 is an orally active and potent LPA1 (lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1) antagonist, with an IC50 of 0.086 μM. ONO-0300302 is a slow tight binding inhibitor, and its binding affinity increases with time, with Kd of 0.34 nM (37 °C, 2 h). ONO-0300302 can be used for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) research .
Copper(II) Gluconate is a non-toxic copper supplement aid. Copper(II) Gluconate is the copper salt of D-gluconic acid. Copper(II) Gluconate as a precursor catalyst that can be used in the photo-induced polymerisation of acrylates .
Triclosan is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial fatty acid synthesis at the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI) step. Triclosan inhibits E. coli enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI) and FabI containing a glycine-to-valine substitution at position 93 (FabIG93V) with IC50s of 2 µM and 10 µM, respectively. Triclosan causes apoptotic effect in cultured rat neural stem cells (NSC). Triclosan exacerbates colitis and colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis in animal models .
mGAT-IN-1 (compound 28) is a potent and non-selective GAT inhibitor. mGAT-IN-1 has a high inhibitory potency toward mGAT3, with an IC50 of 2.5 μM and pIC50 of 5.61 .
PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-3 (compound 3d) is a potent PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitor. PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-3 displays the inhibitory activity in MCF-7, HeLa and HepG2 cells, with IC50 values of 0.77, 1.23, and 4.57μM, respectively. PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-3 inhibits the migration of MCF-7 and HeLa cells at the concentration of 4 μM. PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-3 induces cell apoptosis and S phase arrest .
Etazolate hydrochloride (SQ 20009) is an orally active, selective inhibitor of type 4 phosphodiesterase (PDE4) with an IC50 of 2 μM. Etazolate hydrochloride is a γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor regulator. Etazolate hydrochloride is an α-secretase activator and induced the production of soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPPα). Etazolate hydrochloride, a pyrazolopyridine class derivative, increases cAMP levels. Etazolate hydrochloride has anxiolyticlike, antidepressant-like and anti-inflammatory effects .
CB2R/FAAH modulator-1 is a cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) full agonist with Kis of 14.8 nM and 241.3 nM for CB2R and CB1R, respectively. CB2R/FAAH modulator-1 is a fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM. CB2R/FAAH modulator-1 decreases pro-inflammatory and increases anti-inflammatory cytokines production .
Methyl 2-amino-5-bromobenzoate (compound 8/12) can be used for synthesis of 2-benzamidobenzoic acids, which are known FabH inhibitors. The derivates also inhibit PqsD, the pqs quorum sensing (QS) system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, involving the production of a number of virulence factors and biofilm formation .
Satigrel (E5510) is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Satigrel inhibits collagen- and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation through preventing thromboxane A2 synthesis by selective inhibition of the target enzyme, PGHS1, which exists in platelets. Satigrel inhibits PGHS1 (IC50: 0.081 μM) and PGHS2 (IC50: 5.9 μM). Satigrel is against Type III PDE, Type V and Type II (IC50: 15.7 μM, 39.8 μM and 62.4 μM, respectively) .
Fasudil (HA-1077; AT877) mesylate is a nonspecific and orally active RhoA/ROCK inhibitor and also has inhibitory effect on protein kinases, with an Ki of 0.33 μM for ROCK1, IC50s of 0.158 μM and 4.58 μM, 12.30 μM, 1.650 μM for ROCK2 and PKA, PKC, PKG, respectively. Fasudil mesylate is also a potent Ca 2+ channel antagonist and vasodilator .
Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) is an orally active Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 LC-PUFA). Eicosapentaenoic Acid exhibits a DNA demethylating action that promotes the re-expression of the tumor suppressor gene CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ). Eicosapentaenoic Acid activates RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway through H-Ras intron 1 CpG island demethylation in U937 leukemia cells. Eicosapentaenoic Acid can promote relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vasodilation .
Litorin, an amphibian bombesin peptide derivative, is an bombesin receptor agonist. Litorin stimulates the contraction of smooth muscle, stimulates gastrin, gastric acid, and pancreatic secretion, and suppresses the nutriment in vivo .
Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)sodium is an orally active Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 LC-PUFA). Eicosapentaenoic Acid sodium exhibits a DNA demethylating action that promotes the re-expression of the tumor suppressor gene CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ). Eicosapentaenoic Acid sodium activates RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway through H-Ras intron 1 CpG island demethylation in U937 leukemia cells. Eicosapentaenoic Acid sodium can promote relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vasodilation .
PDMPO, a lysosome pH indicator, is an excellent fluorescent acidotropic reagent for fluorescence imaging. PDMPO is a potent tool with which to study acidic organelles of live cells. PDMPO exhibits pH-dependent dual-excitation and dual-emission spectral peaks. PDMPO produces a blue fluorescence in weakly acidic organelles and shifts to yellow in more acidic lysosomes (Abs=329 nm; Em=440 nm) .
Pro-905 is a phosphite peptide with antitumor activity. Pro-905 delivers the active nucleotide antimetabolite thioguanosine monophosphate (TGMP) to the tumor. Pro-905 effectively prevents incorporation of purine salvage substrates into nucleic acids and inhibits colony formation in human malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) cells. Pro-905 inhibits purine salvage incorporation to nucleic acids and prevents cell growth. Pro-905 inhibits the growth of MPNST and enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of JHU395 (HY-124778) .
Spectinomycin dihydrochloride is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and inhibits the growth of a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Spectinomycin dihydrochloride acts by selectively targeting to the bacterial ribosome and interrupting protein synthesis. Spectinomycin dihydrochloride is also a noncompetitive inhibitor of td intron RNA with an Ki value of 7.2 mM - .
Spectinomycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and inhibits the growth of a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Spectinomycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate acts by selectively targeting to the bacterial ribosome and interrupting protein synthesis. Spectinomycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate is also a noncompetitive inhibitor of td intron RNA with an Ki value of 7.2 mM - .
Spectinomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and inhibits the growth of a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Spectinomycin acts by selectively targeting to the bacterial ribosome and interrupting protein synthesis. Spectinomycin is also a noncompetitive inhibitor of td intron RNA .
(10E,12E)-9-Oxo-10,12-octadecadienoic acid (9-oxo-ODA) is a PPARα agonist that can be isolated from the basidiomycete Gomphus floccosus. (10E,12E)-9-Oxo-10,12-octadecadienoic acid enhances fatty acid oxidation through PPARα activation, thereby inhibiting triglyceride accumulation. (10E,12E)-9-Oxo-10,12-octadecadienoic acid also has antifungal (Fungal) activity .
Ivaltinostat (CG-200745) is an orally active, potent pan-HDAC inhibitor which has the hydroxamic acid moiety to bind zinc at the bottom of catalytic pocket. Ivaltinostat inhibits deacetylation of histone H3 and tubulin. Ivaltinostat induces the accumulation of p53, promotes p53-dependent transactivation, and enhances the expression of MDM2 and p21 (Waf1/Cip1) proteins. Ivaltinostat enhances the sensitivity of Gemcitabine-resistant cells to Gemcitabine (HY-16138) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU; HY-90006). Ivaltinostat induces apoptosis and has anti-tumour effects .
IMT1 is a first-in-class specific and noncompetitive human mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT) inhibitor. IMT1 causes a conformational change of POLRMT, which blocks substrate binding and transcription in a dose-dependent way in vitro. IMT1 reduces deoxynucleoside triphosphate levels and citric acid cycle intermediates, resulting in a marked depletion of cellular amino acid levels. IMT1 has the potential for mitochondrial transcription disorders related diseases .
Ivaltinostat (CG-200745) formic is an orally active, potent pan-HDAC inhibitor which has the hydroxamic acid moiety to bind zinc at the bottom of catalytic pocket. Ivaltinostat formic inhibits deacetylation of histone H3 and tubulin. Ivaltinostat formic induces the accumulation of p53, promotes p53-dependent transactivation, and enhances the expression of MDM2 and p21 (Waf1/Cip1) proteins. Ivaltinostat formic enhances the sensitivity of Gemcitabine-resistant cells to Gemcitabine (HY-16138) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU; HY-90006). Ivaltinostat formic induces apoptosis and has anti-tumour effects .
PAD4-IN-3 (compound 4B) is a PAD4 inhibitor with antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. PAD4-IN-3 was covalently linked to RGD sequence peptide-modified chitosan (K-CRGDV), resulting in an enhanced oxidative stress-responsive nanoagent. K-CRGDV-PAD4-IN-3 can actively target tumors, inhibit PAD4 activity, block the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and improve the tumor immune microenvironment in response to the tumor microenvironment .
1-Palmitoyl-2-succinyl-sn-glycerophosphorylcholine is a glycerophosphorylcholine, consisting of glycerol phosphate, choline and palmitic acid. It accumulates in vivo at sites of oxidative stress. 1-Palmitoyl-2-succinyl-sn-glycerophosphorylcholine may be a ligand of scavenger receptors class B, while oxidized phospholipids oxPC(CD36) are potent ligands of scavenger receptors class B (CD36 and SR-BI). Oxidized phospholipids (oxPLs) also play an important role in tumor apoptosis, may be elevated in malignant biliary strictures .
KT109 is a potent and an isoform-selective inhibitor of diacylglycerol lipase-β (DAGLβ) with an IC50 of 42 nM. KT109 has ~60-fold selectivity for DAGLβ over DAGLα. KT109 shows inhibitory activity against PLA2G7 (IC50=1 µM). KT109 shows negligible activity against FAAH, MGLL, ABHD11, and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2 or PLA2G4A). KT109 perturbs a lipid network involved in macrophage inflammatory responses and lowers 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), arachidonic acid and eicosanoids in mouse peritoneal macrophages .
Fasudil (HA-1077; AT877) Hydrochloride is a nonspecific RhoA/ROCK inhibitor and also has inhibitory effect on protein kinases, with an Ki of 0.33 μM for ROCK1, IC50s of 0.158 μM and 4.58 μM, 12.30 μM, 1.650 μM for ROCK2 and PKA, PKC, PKG, respectively. Fasudil Hydrochloride is also a potent Ca 2+ channel antagonist and vasodilator .
Fasudil (HA-1077; AT877) is a nonspecific RhoA/ROCK inhibitor and also has inhibitory effect on protein kinases, with an Ki of 0.33 μM for ROCK1, IC50s of 0.158 μM and 4.58 μM, 12.30 μM, 1.650 μM for ROCK2 and PKA, PKC, PKG, respectively. Fasudil is also a potent Ca 2+ channel antagonist and vasodilator .
mGAT3/4-IN-1 (compound 19b) is a potent mGAT3/mGAT4 inhibitor, with pIC50 values of 5.31 and 5.24, respectively. mGAT3/4-IN-1 exhibits a significant tactile allodynia reduction in diabetic neuropathic mice .
Fasudil (HA-1077; AT877) hydrochloride semihydrate is a nonspecific RhoA/ROCK inhibitor and also has inhibitory effect on protein kinases, with an Ki of 0.33 μM for ROCK1, IC50s of 0.158 μM and 4.58 μM, 12.30 μM, 1.650 μM for ROCK2 and PKA, PKC, PKG, respectively. Fasudil hydrochloride semihydrate is also a potent Ca 2+ channel antagonist and vasodilator .
Fasudil (HA-1077; AT877) dihydrochloride is a nonspecific RhoA/ROCK inhibitor and also has inhibitory effect on protein kinases, with an Ki of 0.33 μM for ROCK1, IC50s of 0.158 μM and 4.58 μM, 12.30 μM, 1.650 μM for ROCK2 and PKA, PKC, PKG, respectively. Fasudil dihydrochloride is also a potent Ca 2+ channel antagonist and vasodilator .
PARP1-IN-10 (compound 12c) is a no-cytotoxicity and potent PARP1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 50.62 nM in vitro. PARP1-IN-10 causes cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis, and enhances the cytotoxicity of temozolomide (TMZ) .
EDP-305 is an orally active, potent and selective farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, with EC50 values of 34 nM (chimeric FXR in CHO cells) and 8 nM (full-length FXR in HEK cells). EDP-305 shows a potent and consistent antifibrotic effect. EDP-305 can be used for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) research .
6-OAU (GTPL5846) (6-n-octylaminouracil) is an GPR84 (G protein-coupled receptor 84) agonist, with an EC50 value of 105 nM. 6-OAU works as a chemoattractant to both PMNs and macrophages, and amplifies the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8, shows proinflammatory function. 6-OAU also displays anti-bacterial function .
H-Tyr-Phe-OH (L-Tyrosyl-L-phenylalanine) is an orally active inhibitor of Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), with an inhibiton rate of 48% at 50 μM. H-Tyr-Phe-OH can be used as an biomarker for differentiating benign thyroid nodules (BTN) from thyroid cancer (TC). H-Tyr-Phe-OH exhibits xanthine oxidase inhibition (uric acid lowering) activity and serves as regulator in IL-8 production in neutrophil-like cells .
Aphidicolin is an inhibitor of DNA polymerase α and δ, prevents mitotic cell division by interfering DNA polymerase activity. Aphidicolin is an antibiotic produced by mold Cephalosporium aphidicola, inhibits cellular deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and the growth of herpes simplex virus. Aphidicolin exhibits anti-orthopoxvirus activity and potentiates apoptosis induced by arabinosyl nucleosides in a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line .
Golotimod (SCV-07), an immunomodulating peptide with antimicrobial activity, significantly increases the efficacy of antituberculosis therapy, stimulates thymic and splenic cell proliferation, and improves macrophage function. Golotimod (SCV-07) inhibits STAT3 signaling and modulates the duration and severity of oral mucositis in animal models that received radiation or a combination of radiation and Cisplatin. Golotimod (SCV-07) is also a potential therapeutic for recurrent genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) .
Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH is an arginine derivative containing amine protecting group Fmoc. Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH is a building block for the introduction of Arg into SPPS (Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis) .
N-Fmoc-N,O-dimethyl-L-serine is a serine derivative that can be used for coibamide A synthesis. Coibamide A is a marine natural product with potent antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells .
(4R)-1-Boc-4-fluoro-D-proline is an amino acid derivative that can be used for preparation of peptidomimetics, dihydropyridopyrimidines and pyridopyrimidines .
D-5-Hydroxytryptophan (D-5-HTP) is the D-isomer of 5-HTP and can be isolated from DL-5-hydroxytryptophan by continuous separation. Compared with intraperitoneal administration of L-5-Hydroxytryptophan, which can induce dose-dependent backward walking behavior in mice, D-5-Hydroxytryptophan has no significant effect on mouse behavior and is a negative control. D-5-Hydroxytryptophan is also a 5-HT ligand, capable of binding to the 5-HT site with affinity in the micromolar range .
Fmoc-Ala-Ala-OH (3) is a self-assemble fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-dipeptide, which is a smaller amphiphilic building blocks consists dipeptides linked to fluore nylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc). Fmoc-Ala-Ala-OH can be used as scaffold materials in 3D cell culture .
L-Cysteine S-sulfate is a potent N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamatergic receptor agonist. L-Cysteine S-sulfate is the substrate for cystine lyase, and can be used in mass spectrometry operations .
O-Succinyl-L-homoserine is a homoserine derivative. O-Succinyl-L-homoserine is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of methionine in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium .
Boc-L-Ala-OH (Boc-Ala-OH) shows excellent affinity with ATP. Boc-L-Ala-OH contains an amino acid moiety, and an acylamide bond like that of the peptide and protein .
Boc-D-Leucine monohydrate (Boc-D-Leu-OH hydrate) is an N-Boc-protected form of D-Leucine (L330150). D-Leucine is an unnatural isomer of L-Leucine (L330110) that acts as an auto-inhibitor of lactic streptococci. D-Leucine shows potent anti-seizure effect .
N-BOC-DL-serine methyl ester is a Serine derivative. N-BOC-DL-serine methyl ester is used for the synthesis of α,β-dehydro-α-amino acid. N-BOC-DL-serine methyl ester is also used for the synthesis of anti-cancer agent, such as quinazolinone derivative that inhibits PI3K activity, and tricyclic pyrolopyranopyridines that inhibits protein kinase activity .
Fmoc-His(Trt)-OH has trityl (Trt) group to protect the side-chain of His. Fmoc-His(Trt)-OH has Fmoc group to protect -αNH2. Fmoc-His(Trt)-OH can be used for solid phase synthesis of peptides, providing protection against racemization and by-product formation .
Z-Phe-Leu-OH (NSC 334018) is a substrate for carboxypeptidase Y (CPY). Z-Phe-Leu-OH is incubated with recombinant CPY to determine peptidase activity .
Methionylserine (H-MET-SER-OH) is a methionine- and serine-containing dipeptide. Methionylserine binds to and translocation via intestinal di/tri-peptide transporter 1 (hPEPT1) with a Km value of 0.2 mM. Methionylserine inhibits ACE enzyme activity. Methionylserine can be used in the research of hypension .
Fmoc-D-Phe(4-CF3)-OH is Phenylalanine derivative. Fmoc-D-Phe(4-CF3)-OH can be used for the research of peptide inhibitors of protein-protein interactions .
H-Met-OiPr hydrochloride is an Methionine derivative. H-Met-OiPr hydrochloride participates in the synthesis preparation of inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase (FTase), and can be used in cancer research .
N-lauroylsarcosine is an anionic surfactant, and can be used as a permeation enhancer. The mixture of N-lauroylsarcosine in 25-50% ethanol acts synergistically to increase skin permeability, which may be useful for transdermal drug delivery research .
D-Ala-D-Ala constitutes the terminus of the peptide part of the peptidoglycan monomer unit and is involved in the transpeptidation reaction as the substrate. D-Ala-D-Ala is catalyzed by D-Alanine-D-Alanine ligase. D-Ala-D-Ala is a bacterial endogenous metabolite .
N6-Diazo-L-Fmoc-lysine is an active compand and can be used in a variety of chemical studies. N6-Diazo-L-Fmoc-lysine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
3,5-Dinitro-L-tyrosine sodium is a tyrosine derivative. 3,5-Dinitro-L-tyrosine sodium as artificial substrate, has zero activity relative to tyrosine as a substrate for tyrosine aminotransferase .
Fmoc-Ser(Ac)-OH (Fmoc-O-acetyl-L-serine) is a Serine derivative. Fmoc-Ser(Ac)-OH can be used for the preparation of broad-spectrum coronavirus membrane fusion inhibitor .
Methyl 4-iodo-L-phenylalaninate hydrochloride is a Phenylalaninate derivative. Methyl 4-iodo-L-phenylalaninate hydrochloride can be used for the preparation of factor XI modulators used in the research of thrombotic and thromboembolic. Methyl 4-iodo-L-phenylalaninate hydrochloride can also be used for the synthesis of compounds for the research of amyloid-related diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease .
S-Phenylmercapturic acid, a metabolite of benzene, can be used as a biomarker, identified by GC, HPLC (UV or fluorescence detection), GC-MS, LC-MS/MS or immunoassay .
MIF-1 (Melanostatin), an endogenous brain peptide, is a potent dopamine receptor allosteric modulator. MIF-1 inhibits melanin formation. MIF-1 blocks the effects of opioid receptor activation to modulate the analgesic effects. MIF-1 accesses from the blood to the CNS by directly crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) .
Fmoc-His(3-Me)OH derives Histidine-associating compounds with biological activity. Fmoc-His(3-Me)OH, with Fmoc-citrulline-OH, Fmoc-His(1-Me)-OH together, forms tri-peptides and shows vasodilating effect with EC50s of 2.7-4.7 mM in 1.0 mM Phenylephrine (PE)-contracted aorta rings. Fmoc-His(3-Me)OH (resin) also makes Methyl-His-Gly-Lys (His(3-Me)-Gly-Lys), thus acts as an [Ca 2+]i inhibitor. Fmoc-His(3-Me)OH methylates NAHIS02, making it unable to block the Alzheimer's Aβ channel .
Boc-Lys(Z)-OH (DCHA) is a involves in synthesis thymosin β4, βg and β6 fragments, and increases E-rosette forming capacity in Lupus Nephritis model. Boc-Lys(Z)-OH (DCHA) involves in synthesis Boc-Lyz-OCH3 and acts as a reagent of peptidyl thrombin inhibitors production .
DL-Allylglycine (2-Aminopent-4-enoic acid) is a glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) inhibitor. DL-Allylglycine has convulsant activity that can be used in studies to induce epileptic seizures .
cis-Fmoc-Pro(4-N3)-OH is a proline derivative . cis-Fmoc-Pro(4-N3)-OH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
DL-Propargylglycine is a Glycine (HY-Y0966) derivative . DL-Propargylglycine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Fmoc-D-Pra-OH is a Glycine (HY-Y0966) derivative . Fmoc-D-Pra-OH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Fmoc-Pra-OH is a Glycine (HY-Y0966) derivative . Fmoc-Pra-OH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
(R)-2-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)pent-4-ynoic acid is a Glycine (HY-Y0966) derivative . (R)-2-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)pent-4-ynoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
(S)-2-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)pent-4-ynoic acid is a Glycine (HY-Y0966) derivative . (S)-2-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)pent-4-ynoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Selenocystine is a broad-spectrum anti-cancer agent. Selenocystine induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells, particularly in the form of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Selenocystine exhibits great promise as a therapeutic or adjuvant agent targeting DNA repair for cancer treatment .
L-Argininamide is a hydrophilic amino acid derivative and can be used as a compound for ligand binding DNA aptamers. L-Argininamide has the potential for fluorescent aptasensors development .
Docosahexaenoyl glycine is a PUFA analogue. Docosahexaenoyl glycine has activating effects on IKs?channels?and restore the function of IKs?channels with LQT1 mutation .
Propionyl-L-carnitine is a carnitine derivative and has a high affinity for muscular carnitine transferase. Propionyl-L-carnitine increases cellular carnitine content, thereby allowing free fatty acid transport into the mitochondria. Propionyl-L-carnitine alleviates the symptoms of PAD through a metabolic pathway, thereby improving exercise performance .
N-Oleoyl-L-Serine is an endogenous amide of long-chain fatty acids with ethanolamine (N-acyl amides). N-Oleoyl-L-Serine is a lipid regulator of bone remodeling and stimulates osteoclast apoptosis. N-Oleoyl-L-Serine can be used for antiosteoporotic drug discovery development .
Glutathione ethyl ester is a cell-permeable GSH donor and provides an efficient supply of GSH to the oocyte. Glutathione ethyl ester shows positive effect on the in vitro production of embryos by enhancement of the antioxidative defense .
4-Chloro-L-phenylalanine (L-PCPA) is a 5-HT biosynthesis inhibitor. 4-Chloro-L-phenylalanine is also a nonspecific antagonist of both isoforms of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH1 and TPH2) .
Dnp-PYAYWMR is a peptide substrate that selectively targets MMP3. Dnp-PYAYWMR is cleaved by MMP3 to produce Dnp-PYA (nonfluorescent) and YWMR (fluorophore detectable at 360 nm). After incubation of MMP3 with Dnp-PYAYWMR for 2 h, MMP3 fluorescence intensity was measured. Ex/Em=328/350 nm .
G-Subtide is a G-substrate peptide localized in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. G-Subtide has little activity distinct from background and is a preferentially phosphorylated peptide substrate of recombinant PfPKG2 protein .
mP6 (Myr-FEEERA-OH) is a myristoylated peptide. mP6 inhibits the interaction of Gα13 with integrin β3 without disrupting talin-dependent integrin function. mP6 can block the GTP usage of Rac1, Rap1, and Rab7, effectively inhibiting the infection of CHO-A24 cells .
cpm-1285m is a cell-permeable mutated peptide analogue of cpm-1285 (Bcl-2 inhibitory peptide). cpm-1285m contains a single substitution of alanine for Leu-151, and exhibits a decrease in Bcl-2 binding affinity with a reduction in IC50 of ∼15-fold. cpm-1285m can be used as a control of cpm-1285 .
HEP-1 (Human ezrin peptide (324-337)) is an orally active peptide with anti-HIV activity. HEP-1 enhances antibody titers generated by hepatitis B vaccination. HEP-1 has the potential to be studied against viral infections .
Hylambatin, a tachykinin, increases both plasma glucose and plasma insulin, whereas the secretion of glucagon was not affected. Hylambatin can be used in diabetes research .
[Deamino-Pen1,Val4,D-Arg8]-vasopressin (AVP-A) is an arginine-vasopressin (AVP) antagonist. AVP-A can significantly lower plasma aldosterone concentration in rats. AVP-A can be used for the research of the growth and steroidogenic capacity of rat adrenal zona glomerulosa .
CBO-P11 specifically binds to receptor of VEGFR-2 and is used as targeting ligand for tumor angiogenesis. CBO-P11 is modified with a nearinfrared cyanine dye bearing an alkyne function, allowing both “click” coupling on azido-modified nanoparticles and fluorescence labelling .
cpm-1285 induces apoptosis by functionally blocking intracellular Bcl-2 and related death antagonists. cpm-1285 shows strong binding potency to Bcl-2 with an IC50 value of 130 nM. cpm-1285 reduces tumor burden in mice .
MMP-8/MMP-26 Fluorogenic substrate (DNP-Pro-Leu-Ala-Tyr-Trp-Ala-Arg) is a matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) fluorogenic substrate. MMP-8/MMP-26 Fluorogenic substrate can be used for the research of atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and sepsis .
2-(Methylamino)benzoic acid is the main metabolite of methyl-N-methylanthranilates (MMA) (HY-76705) and is the compound in which the ester group is converted. MMA can be isolated from citrus fruits and has potential analgesic activity. 2-(Methylamino)benzoic acid was used to detect the metabolic levels of MMA in rat liver .
Cathepsin K inhibitor 4 is a potent carbohydrazide Cathepsin K inhibitor with IC50s of 13 nM, 269 nM, 296 nM for human, rat, mouse Cathepsin K, respectively .
JKC 301 is a selective Endothelin A receptor antagonist. JKC 301 attenuates the pressor effects of nicotine in rats. JKC 301 can be used to study cardiovascular disease caused by smoking .
7-Hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid N-succinimidyl ester is the amine-reactive succinimidyl ester of 7-Hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid. 7-Hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid N-succinimidyl ester is a blue fluorescent dye for labeling proteins and nucleic acids .
Acridine Orange hydrochloride is a cell-penetrable nucleic acid-selective fluorescent dye. Acridine Orange hydrochloride produces orange fluorescence when it binds to ssDNA or RNA, and green fluorescence when it binds to dsDNA (Ex: 488 nM; Em: green fluorescence at 530 nm, orange fluorescence at 640 nm) .
Lds-751 is a nucleic acid stain that mainly detects DNA. Lds-751 is a nucleic acid stain that mainly detects DNA. Lds-751 has a high affinity for DNA and fluorescence is enhanced after binding, but the maximum emission wavelength is 670nm. Lds-751 and Thiazole orange can be used for the differentiation of red blood cells, platelets, reticulocytes, and nucleated cells and can be stimulated at 488nm. Studies have shown that LDS-751 binds almost exclusively to mitochondria when incubated with nucleated living cells. After nucleated Acridine Orange (HY-101879) staining and LDS-751 treatment of cells, confocal microscopy revealed almost no co-location of the cells. Staining with Rhodamine 123 (HY-D0816), a dye known to bind polarized mitochondria, was almost identical to the pattern observed with LDS-751 .
5-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine can be used as a fluorescent probe of nucleic acids and proteins. 5-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine displays excitation maxima of 558 nm and an emission maximum of 586 nm .
C12FDGlcU is a lipophilic analog of fluorescein di-β-D-glucuronic acid. C12FDGlcU can be useful for the detection of β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene expression. C12FDGlcU can enter the cells and then be cleaved by β-glucuronidase, generating the yellow-colored, green-fluorescent fluorescein (Abs/Em of the reaction product: 495/518 nm) .
4-Methylumbelliferyl palmitate is an excellent fluorophore for measuring acid lipase in human leukocytes. Acidity and solvent have important influence on its fluorescence. 4-Methylumbelliferyl palmitate exists mainly as neutral molecular form which can be produced strong fluorescence at 445 nm in near neutral aqueous solutions, and exist mainly as anion form which can be produced stronger fluorescence at 445 nm in weak alkaline solutions .
Acridine Orange (Euchrysine 3RX) zinc chloride salt is a cell-penetrable nucleic acid-selective fluorescent dye. Acridine Orange zinc chloride salt produces orange fluorescence when it binds to ssDNA or RNA, and green fluorescence when it binds to dsDNA (Ex: 488 nM; Em: green fluorescence at 530 nm, orange fluorescence at 640 nm) .
Vari Fluor 750 Carboxylic acid (VF 750 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 555 Carboxylic acid (VF 555 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 647A Carboxylic acid (VF 647A Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 640 Carboxylic acid (VF 640 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 488 Carboxylic acid (VF 488 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 532 Carboxylic acid (VF 532 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 594 Carboxylic acid (VF 594 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 660 Carboxylic acid (VF 660 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 568 Carboxylic acid (VF 568 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 680 Carboxylic acid (VF 680 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Thiazole Orange is an asymmetric anthocyanin dye that can be coupled with oligonucleotides (ONs) to prepare fluorescent hybridization probes. Thiazole Orange can be used for reticulocyte analysis. λEx/λEm (including DNA) of Thiazole Orange =510/527 nm .
Cyanine5 carboxylic acid chloride (Cy5 acid chloride) is a fluorescent dye containing a non-activated carboxylic acid (Ex=646 nm, Em=662 nm). Cyanine5 carboxylic acid chloride is an non-reactive dye that can be used in control samples .
AF 555 carboxylic acid is a derivative of the orange fluorescent dye AF 555. AF 555 has a maximum emission wavelength of ~555 nm. AF 555 carboxylic acid is widely used in cell dyes, biological dyes, biomolecules and particle fluorescent labeling.
Photo-DL-lysine-d2 is the deuterium labeled Photo-DL-lysine (HY-D2283). Photo-DL-lysine is a DL-lysine-based photo-reactive amino acid, captures proteins that bind lysine post-translational modifications .
NBD-F (4-Fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazan) is a pro-fluorescent reagent which is developed for amino acid analysis. NBD-F reacts with primary or secondary amines to produce a fluorescent product and used for analysis of amino acids and low molecular weight amines .
Ponceau S (Acid Red 112) is a non-specific protein dye commonly used as a stain for Western blot. Ponceau S is used in an acidic aqueous solution that is compatible with antibody-antigen binding and dyes the proteins on the membrane red .
Green DND-26 is a green fluorescently labeled lysosomal probe with a maximum excitation/emission wavelength of 504/511 nm. The structure is composed of a fluorescein group and linked weak bases, which can freely cross the cell membrane and generally gather on spherical organelles. Green DND-26 is suitable for observing the internal biosynthesis and related pathogenesis of lysosomes .
Fluorescein octadecyl ester is a lipophilic fluorescent reagent is immobilized in a plasticized PVC membrane. Fluorescein octadecyl ester can reversibly recognize alcohol molecules and can be used to determine the concentration of ethanol in alcoholic drinks. Fluorescein octadecyl ester can be used as acceptor to make optrode membrane for the determination of picric acid .
Lucifer Yellow CH dipotassium is a high-intensity fluorescent probe containing free hydrazyl groups. Lucifer Yellow CH can react with fatty aldehydes at room temperature. Lucifer Yellow CH serves as a biological tracer to monitor neuronal branching, regeneration, gap junction detection and characterization, and selective ablation of cells after aldehyde fixation. Lucifer yellow CH displays the maximum excitation/emission of 430 nm/540 nm, respectively .
Mordant brown 1, a naphthalenesulphonic acid derivative, is an azo dye. Mordant brown 1 is also an effective and specific inhibitor of CD40-CD154 costimulatory protein-protein interaction .
Amido Black 10B (Naphthol Blue Black) is a highly toxic azo dye for amino acid staining. Amido Black 10B can create several problems in the human respiratory system and may also cause skin and eye irritations .
BODIPY 500/510 C1, C12 is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the polar lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells . Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 500/510 nm . Protect from light, stored at -20℃.
BDP TMR alkyne is an alkyne-containing click chemistry reagent that can click chemistry with azides. BDP TMR alkyne has the fluorophore BDP and can be used for oligonucleotide labeling and amino acid sequencing .
TTNPB (Ro 13-7410) (GMP) is TTNPB (HY-15682) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. TTNPB is a highly potent retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist .
DAPI (dilactate) is a blue fluorescent dye that preferentially binds dsDNA and binds to minor groove AT clusters. DAPI (dilactate) is combined with dsDNA, and the fluorescence was enhanced about 20-fold. DAPI (dilactate) can be used to identify the cell cycle and specifically stains the nucleus but not the cytoplasm. DAPI (dilactate) form is more soluble in water than DAPI (dihydrochloride) form.
Calcein Blue, a membrane-impermeant fluorescent dye, is a coumarin derivative that contains an iminodiacetic acid structure. Calcein Blue is also a metallofluorochromic indicator .
Fast Red Violet LB is a dye for staining tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Fast Red Violet LB can be used for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity staining .
BODIPY FL C5 is a green fluorescent fatty acid. BODIPY FL C5 can be used as a precursor for the synthesis of various fluorescent phospholipids. BODIPY FL C5 is relatively insensitive to the environment and fluoresces in both water-soluble and lipid environments .
Thymolphthalein monophosphate disodium hydrate is a chromogenic substrate for the determination of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. Thymolphthalein is released during the reaction, increases the pH of the medium for easy detection, produces color and stops hydrolysis. Thymolphthalein monophosphate disodium hydrate can be used for the specific detection of prostatic phosphatase in serum .
SYBR Green II is a fluorescent nucleic acid dye that mainly binds single-stranded nucleotides. SYBR Green II is sensitive to oligonucleotides or larger nucleic acid polymers in a variety of cells and gels. SYBR Green II can be used to study cell structure, membrane integrity or function, and cell cycle distribution. Wavelength 484/515 nm .
SYBR Green II (Ionic form) is a fluorescent nucleic acid dye that mainly binds single-stranded nucleotides. SYBR Green II is sensitive to oligonucleotides or larger nucleic acid polymers in a variety of cells and gels. SYBR Green II can be used to study cell structure, membrane integrity or function, and cell cycle distribution. Wavelength 484/515 nm .
AQC (6-Aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysccinimidyl carbamate) is a reagent used for amino acid or protein sequence analysis by HPLC with fluorescence detection. AQC reacts with primary and secondary amino acids to yield fluorescent derivates, allowing amino acid detection at under-picomolar levels .
Cy5 maleimide is a CY dye. CY, short for Cyanine, is a compound consisting of two nitrogen atoms connected by an odd number of methyl units. Cyanine compounds have the characteristics of long wavelength, adjustable absorption and emission, high extinction coefficient, good water solubility and relatively simple synthesis . CY dyes are of en used for the labeling of proteins, antibodies and small molecular compounds. For the labeling of protein antibodies, the combination can be completed through a simple mixing reaction. Below, we introduce the labeling method of protein antibody labeling, which has certain reference significance .
4-(Phenylazo)diphenylamine is an excellent colorimetric indicator for the accurate determination of the concentration for a variety of strong bases, Lewis acids, and hydride reducing agents .
NBD-X acid is a fluorescent probe for the study of fatty acids and sterols. NBD-X acid provides better yields for labelling biopolymers compared to NBD chloride and fluoride. The fluorescence spectrum of the NBD derivative is highly sensitive to the environment and the fluorescence intensity is significantly reduced in aqueous solutions .
Pyronin B is an organic cationic dye used for the staining of bacteria, mycobacteria and ribonucleic acids. Pyronin B is also used as a small hydrophobic (SH) protein channel inhibitor .
HKOCl-4 (BXY2142) is a rhodol-based yellow fluorescent probe for the detection of hypochlorous acid with excellent sensitivity and selectivity . HKOCl-4 has longer absorption wavelength and better pH stability compared with fluorescein-based probes. Ex: 530 nm; Em 557 nm.
N-Acetyl-DL-phenylalanine β-naphthyl ester is an aromatic amino acid ester, which functions as a chromogenic substrate for chymotrypsin and microbial serine proteases such as subtilisin .
BDP 630/650 carboxylic acid is a bright far-red fluorophore based on a borondipyrromethene scaffold. BDP 630/650 carboxylic acid is a BDP linker containing carboxylic acid. BDP 630/650 carboxylic acid can react with primary amine groups to form a stable amide bond. (λex=630 nm, λem=650 nm) .
PDMPO, a lysosome pH indicator, is an excellent fluorescent acidotropic reagent for fluorescence imaging. PDMPO is a potent tool with which to study acidic organelles of live cells. PDMPO exhibits pH-dependent dual-excitation and dual-emission spectral peaks. PDMPO produces a blue fluorescence in weakly acidic organelles and shifts to yellow in more acidic lysosomes (Abs=329 nm; Em=440 nm) .
DL-Panthenol (DL-Pantothenol) is an alcohol derivative of pantothenyl acid. DL-Panthenol exerts eyelash protection effect. DL-Panthenol is widely used in the Skin and hair conditioner research .
DL-β-Hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A lithium is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid and the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan, and is produced from β-hydroxybutyric acid by short-chain-CoA synthase .
L-Tartaric acid (L-(+)-Tartaric acid) sodium hydrate is the enantiomer of D-tartaric acid. L-Tartaric acid (HY-Y0293) is a white crystalline dicarboxylic acid found in many plants, such as grapes, and is one of the main organic acids in wine. L-Tartaric acid sodium hydrate which acts as a flour bulking agent and as a food additive can interact with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide .
Taurohyodeoxycholic acid (THDCA) sodium is the taurine-conjugated form of the secondary bile acid hyodeoxycholic acid. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid can also reduce the activity and expression of myeloperoxidase TNF-α and IL-6, as well as colonic damage in TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis mouse model.
Poly(acrylic acid) (MW 450000) is a polyacrylic acid with a molecular weight of 450000. Poly(acrylic acid) (MW 450000) is an anionic polymer. Poly(acrylic acid) (MW 450000) can be as a corrosion-mitigating and surface-stabilizing agent .
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 position of membrane glycerophospholipids to liberate arachidonic acid (AA). Phospholipase A2 is a member of the class of heat-stable, calcium-dependent enzymes, is often used in biochemical studies .
Lipid C24 is a cationic ionizable lipid, and can be used in the formation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Lipid C24 can be used for research of delivery of nucleic acids .
DOTAP chloride is a useful and effective cationic lipid for transient and stable transfection DNA (plasmids, bacmids) and modified nucleic acids (antisense oligonucleotides) with out the use of helper lipid .
mono-Pal-MTO is a palm oil-based lipid produced by combining the anticancer agent mitoxantrone (MTO) with palmitoleic acid. When nanoparticles of mono-Pal-MTO and di-Pal-MTO are combined in a molar ratio of 1:1, they show effective siRNA cell delivery and enhance anticancer activity .
di-Pal-MTO is a palm oil-based lipid produced by combining the anticancer agent mitoxantrone (MTO) with palmitoleic acid. When nanoparticles of mono-Pal-MTO and di-Pal-MTO are combined in a molar ratio of 1:1, they show effective siRNA cell delivery and enhance anticancer activity .
Acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) catalyses the first and rate-determining step of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation of fatty acids and a major producer of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) .
ALDH (Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P))) catalyzes the oxidation of aldehydes into their corresponding carboxylic acids with the concomitant reduction of the cofactor NAD(P) into NAD(P)H, is often used in biochemical studies. The ALDHs are one of many enzyme systems the body utilizes to alleviate aldehyde stress .
Acridine Orange (Euchrysine 3RX) zinc chloride salt is a cell-penetrable nucleic acid-selective fluorescent dye. Acridine Orange zinc chloride salt produces orange fluorescence when it binds to ssDNA or RNA, and green fluorescence when it binds to dsDNA (Ex: 488 nM; Em: green fluorescence at 530 nm, orange fluorescence at 640 nm) .
5,6-O-Isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbic acid 5,6-acetonide) is an organic compound. 5,6-O-Isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid is a derivative of L-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Ascorbic acid has antioxidant properties.
Sodium (Trisodium) citrate dehydrate is an antacid used in studies to neutralize gastric acid. Sodium citrate dehydrate can also be used to prepare biological buffers. Sodium citrate dehydrate is a reference standard grade of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and a first-class pharmaceutical standard .
Coenzyme A (CoASH) is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor, which is an acyl group carrier and carbonyl-activating group for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Coenzyme A plays a central role in the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle and the metabolism of carboxylic acids, including short- and long-chain fatty acids .
Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) ammonium is a cofactor that is formed by the catalytic activity of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase. Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (ammonium) is a central precursor in sugar nucleotide biosynthesis and common substrate for C4-epimerases and decarboxylases releasing UDP-galacturonic acid (UDP-GalA) and UDP-pentose products, respectively. Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (ammonium), as a glucuronic acid donor, can be used for for the research of the conjugation of bilirubin in the endoplasmic recticulum .
Coenzyme A (CoASH) sodium is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor, which is an acyl group carrier and carbonyl-activating group for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Coenzyme A plays a central role in the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle and the metabolism of carboxylic acids, including short- and long-chain fatty acids .
Biotin-XX hydrazide (Biotin-(AC5)2-hydrazide) is a carbonyl-reactive biotinylation reagent which contains two aminohexanoic acid spacers. Biotin-XX hydrazide has higher efficiency of avidin-binding .
Fluorescent DOTAP, a cationic lipid, can be used for the research of nucleic acid and protein delivery . Fluorescent DOTAP is labeled with a fluorophore NBD (maximum excitation/emission wavelength ∼463/536 nm).
Formamide (deionizde) is a clear liquid amide derived from formic acid. Formamide (deionizde) allows for the denaturation and renaturation of nucleic acids at room temperature, ranging from 15-50% .
Sodium (Trisodium) citrate dehydrate is an antacid used in studies to neutralize gastric acid. Sodium citrate dehydrate is often used to prepare biological buffers and can be used in molecular biology research .
5-Propargylamino-ddCTP, a nucleoside molecule that can be used to synthesis of cyanine dye-nucleotide conjugate which is used in nucleic acid labeling or sequence analysis .
5-Propargylamino-ddUTP, a nucleoside molecule that can be used to synthesis of cyanine dye-nucleotide conjugate which is used in nucleic acid labeling or sequence analysis .
5-Propargylamino-dCTP is a nucleoside molecule extracted from patent US9035035B2, compound dCTP-PA. 5-Propargylamino-dCTP can conjugate to molecular markers for use in nucleic acid labeling or sequence analysis . 5-Propargylamino-dCTP is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
1-Dodecylimidazole (N-Dodecylimidazole) is a lysosomotropic detergent and a cytotoxic agent. 1-Dodecylimidazole causes cell death by its acid-dependent accumulation in lysosomes, disruption of the lysosomal membrane, and releaseof cysteine proteases into the cytoplasm. 1-Dodecylimidazole has hypocholesterolaemic activity and broad-spectrum antifungal activity .
GL67 (N4-Spermine cholesteryl carbamate) (pentahydrochloride) is a cationic lipid. GL67 can be used for nucleic acid agents and vaccines delivery, and gene transfection .
DSPE-succinic acid is a phophalipid capped with a carboxylic acid moiety. The carboxylic acid moiety is reactive with amine to from a stable amide linkage. DSPE-succinic acid can be used to prepare nanoparticles or liposomes for agent nanocarrier to deliver therapeutics .
TTNPB (Ro 13-7410) (GMP) is TTNPB (HY-15682) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. TTNPB is a highly potent retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist .
Ganglioside sialidase (AuSialidase M2) from Arthrobacter ureafaciens. Ganglioside sialidase is a highly specific N-acetylneuraminidase. Ganglioside sialidase can hydrolyze the internal sialic acid of GM1 under optimal condition with sodium cholate .
UDP-Glc dehydrogenase (UGDH) catalyzes is a NAD+-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the two-fold oxidation of UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) to produce UDP-glucuronic acid. UDP-Glc dehydrogenase (UGDH) is a key enzyme in the nucleotide-sugar interconversion pathway necessary for biosynthesis of many cell-wall polysaccharides .
5-Propargylamino-ddCTP (trisodium), a nucleoside molecule that can be used to synthesis of cyanine dye-nucleotide conjugate which is used in nucleic acid labeling or sequence analysis .
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is the triglycerides and esters prepared from fractionated vegetable oil sources and fatty acids from coconuts and palm kernel oils. Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride possesses excellent oxidation stability. Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used as a food additive and used in cosmetics .
Oleoyl coenzyme A (Oleoyl-CoA) lithium is a thioester of oleic acid and coenzyme A. Oleoyl coenzyme A lithium has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite .
Propionyl coenzyme A lithium, a coenzyme A derivative of propionic acid, is an important metabolic intermediate formed by the thioester bond between coenzyme A and propionic acid. The breakdown and production of Propionyl coenzyme A lithim is important for the metabolism of organisms .
Oleoyl coenzyme A (Oleoyl-CoA) is a thioester of oleic acid and coenzyme A. Oleoyl coenzyme A has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite .
DSPE-MAL is a thiol reactive a phospholipid compound. DSPE-MAL has two saturated fatty acids and can self-assemble in water to form lipid bilayer. DSPE-MAL can be used to prepare liposomes as agent nanocarrier .
Acetoacetyl CoA is the precursor of HMG-CoA in the mevalonate pathway. Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase catalyzes the reaction to form acetoacetyl-CoA from two acetyl-CoA molecules. Acetoacetyl CoA is essential for cholesterol biosynthesis. Acetoacetyl-CoA is also a intermediate in the biological breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids .
Peptone from soya (Peptones, soybean) is a peptone that is commonly used as a component of culture medium. Peptone from soya can be used in microbiology and cell culture to provide needed sources of nitrogen, carbon and other nutrients. Peptone from soya stimulates/regulates cyclic arachidonic acid biosynthesis. Peptone from soya also exerts enteric cell activity in jejunum of piglets through this mechanism .
Glutamate dehydrogenase is an enzyme in both prokaryotes and eukaryotic mitochondria. Glutamate dehydrogenase can be used for the enzymatic determination of ammonia, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, L-glutamate and urease .
(±)-α-Tocopherol acetate ((±)-Vitamin E acetate), is a orally active synthetic form of vitamin E. (±)-α-Tocopherol acetate is the ester of acetic acid and α-tocopherol. (±)-α-Tocopherol acetate can be used for the research of the susceptibility of farmed fish to infectious diseases .
DMG-PEG 2000 is used for the preparation of liposome for siRNA delivery with improved transfection efficiency in vitro. DMG-PEG 2000 is also used for the lipid nanoparticle for an oral plasmid DNA delivery approach in vivo through a facile surface modification to improve the mucus permeability and delivery efficiency of the nanoparticles .
Boc-Lys-OH is a lysine derivative of azocyclic and anthraquinone. Boc-Lys-OH is a polypeptide-based heterofunctional linking molecule, which can be used as a biomarker reagent .
Boc-Glu(OBzl)-OH (Compound 9) is a glutamic acid derivative commonly used in Boc SPPS. Glutamic acid residues increase the hydrophilicity of the polypeptide and play an important structural and receptor binding role .
Cagrilintide acetate is a non-selective AMYR/CTR agonist and long-acting acylated amylase analogue. Cagrilintide acetate causes a reduction in food intake and significant weight loss in a dose-dependent manner. Cagrilintide acetate can be used in obesity studies .
Ac-Lys-D-Ala-D-lactic acid is a polypeptide that can be found by peptide screening. Peptide screening is a research tool that pools active peptides primarily by immunoassay. Peptide screening can be used for protein interaction, functional analysis, epitope screening, especially in the field of agent research and development .
CP7-FP13-2 is a peptide with antivirulence factor and antibacterial activity. CP7-FP13-2 inhibits the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm and has good antibacterial efficacy in mice .
Cagrilintide is an investigational novel long-acting acylated amylin analogue, acts as nonselective amylin receptors (AMYR) and calcitonin G protein-coupled receptor (CTR) agonist. Cagrilintide induces significant weight loss and reduces food intake. Cagrilintide has the potential for the research of obesity .
BMSpep-57 is a potent and competitive macrocyclic peptide inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction with an IC50 of 7.68 nM. BMSpep-57 binds to PD-L1 with Kds of 19 nM and 19.88 nM in MST and SPR assays, respectively. BMSpep-57 facilitates T cell function by in creasing IL-2 production in PBMCs .
BMSpep-57 hydrochloride is a potent and competitive macrocyclic peptide inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction with an IC50 of 7.68 nM. BMSpep-57 hydrochloride binds to PD-L1 with Kds of 19 nM and 19.88 nM in MST and SPR assays, respectively. BMSpep-57 hydrochloride facilitates T cell function by in creasing IL-2 production in PBMCs .
(d(CH2)51,Tyr(Me)2,Orn8)-Oxytocin (OVT) is an oxytocin receptor antagonist. (d(CH2)51,Tyr(Me)2,Orn8)-Oxytocin can be used for the research of neurological disease .
Survodutide (BI 456906) is a potent, selective glucagon receptor/GLP-1 receptor (GCGR/GLP-1R) dual agonist with EC50s of 0.52 nM and 0.33 nM in CHO-K1 cells, respectively. Survodutide, a 29-amino-acid peptide, is a potent acylated peptide containing a C18 fatty acid. Survodutide has robust anti-obesity efficacy achieved by increasing energy expenditure and decreasing food intake .
Survodutide (BI 456906) TFA is a potent, selective glucagon receptor/GLP-1 receptor (GCGR/GLP-1R) dual agonist with EC50s of 0.52 nM and 0.33 nM in CHO-K1 cells, respectively. Survodutide TFA, a 29-amino-acid peptide, is a potent acylated peptide containing a C18 fatty acid. Survodutide TFA has robust anti-obesity efficacy achieved by increasing energy expenditure and decreasing food intake .
Methyl L-leucinate, methyl ester of L-leucine, is an alpha-amino acid ester. Methyl L-leucinate is a derivative of methyl ester and L-leucine, a class of compounds containing both amino and carboxyl groups in the molecule .
Glu-Glu is a glutamic acid derivative containing amino and carboxyl groups. Glu-Glu is an analogs of acidic tripeptide and can contribute to calcium absorption .
Fmoc-Glu-OMe, a glutamic acid derivative, shows antibacterial activity and gelation property in AgNO3 solution. Fmoc-Glu-OMe is a mouldable wound healing biomaterial .
Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp TFA is a polyaspartic acid. The specificity of the catalytic and antigenic sites of influenza virus neuraminidase is related to the number of specific amino acids.
SAR441255 is a potent unimolecular peptide GLP-1/GIP/GCG receptor triagonist. SAR441255 displays high potency with balanced activation of all three target receptors.?SAR441255 shows positive acute glucoregulatory effectss in diabetic obese monkeys .
SAR441255 TFA is a potent unimolecular peptide GLP-1/GIP/GCG receptor triagonist. SAR441255 TFA displays high potency with balanced activation of all three target receptors.?SAR441255 TFA shows positive acute glucoregulatory effectss in diabetic obese monkeys .
Boc-Arg(di-Z)-OH can be used for the synthesis of amino acid. Boc-Arg(di-Z)-OH can be used for the research of inhibitors for processing proteinases. Boc-Arg(di-Z)-OH is coupled via the mixed anhydride (MA) with HGlu(OBzl)-Lys(Z)-Arg(Z,Z)-CH2Cl .
Fmoc-Thr(TBDMS)-OH is a Threonine derivative. Fmoc-Thr(TBDMS)-OH can be used for the preparation of sugar ligand-tethered functional nucleic acid conjugates for targeted research .
Fmoc-N-Me-His(Trt)-OH (Fmoc-MeHis(Trt)-OH) is a is an amino acid derivative containing amino and carboxyl groups. Fmoc-N-Me-His(Trt)-OH for the synthesis of Fmoc-MeHis (Trt) -Leu-OH .
N-Methyl-DL-valine is a valine derivant, is metabolized to cysteine, alanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, citric acid, and succinic acid in the sprout. N-Methyl-DL-valine involves in the modification of monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF), an anti-tubulin agent, makes it hydrophobic functionalization and increases cell permeability .
Fmoc-Ser-OMe (Fmoc-L-Ser-OMe) is a hydroxylated L-amino acid protected with a 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group. Fmoc-Ser-OMe involves in chlorophyll–amino acid conjugates synthesis, and acts as a chromo/fluorophores modified protein and emits visible to near-infrared lights efficiently. Fmoc-Ser-OMe glycosylates and produces small mucin-related Olinked glycopeptides, as an alcohol acceptor .
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 position of membrane glycerophospholipids to liberate arachidonic acid (AA). Phospholipase A2 is a member of the class of heat-stable, calcium-dependent enzymes, is often used in biochemical studies .
Ovalbumin (154-159) is a fragment from ovalbumin. Ovalbumin (154-159) is a potent angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Ovalbumin (154-159) can be used for research of hypertension .
FA-Phe-Phe is a furylacryloyl (fa)-amino acid derivative, targeting to Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE). FA-Phe-Phe is also a specific substrate of CathepsinA .
Cholecystokinin-33 free acid is an analogue of Cholecystokinin (HY-P2932). C-terminal amidation is important for binding of Cholecystokinin to its receptors, and removing the amide group would decrease Cholecystokinin activity. Cholecystokinin-33 free acid can be used to study C-terminal amidation of Cholecystokinin-33 .
7-Methyl-DL-tryptophan (7-Methyltryptophan) is an amino acid derivative, which is a key precursor for biosynthesis of many non-ribosomal peptide antibiotics. 7-Methyl-DL-tryptophan plays an important role in synthesis of high-efficiency antibacterial agents and analogues thereof .
N-Acetyl-DL-serine is a hydrophobic amino acid that is synthesized in the body and can be found as a free form or as a salt with malonate, phosphate, or acetate. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has also been used for the immobilization of DNA fragments on solid surfaces and can be used for protein synthesis and optical detection of DNA strands .
(S)-2,6-Bis((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)hexanoic acid is a polypeptide derivative, can be used to synthesis multifunctional amphiphilic peptide dendrimer, as a nonviral gene vectors, realizes the method in cancer research. (S)-2,6-Bis((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)hexanoic acid also involves in the synthesis of an organic substance that increases the luminescence intensity of alkaline phosphatase substrates .
Xenopsin TFA, a neurotensin-like octapeptide from Xenopus laevis skin . Xenopsin TFA is an inhibitor of Tetragastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion .
[Ala11,D-Leu15]-Orexin B(human) is a potent and selective orexin-2 receptor (OX2) agonist. [Ala11,D-Leu15]-Orexin B(human) shows a 400-fold selectivity for the OX2 (EC50=0.13 nM) over OX1 (52 nM) .
[Ala11,D-Leu15]-Orexin B(human) TFA is a potent and selective orexin-2 receptor (OX2) agonist. [Ala11,D-Leu15]-Orexin B(human) TFA shows a 400-fold selectivity for the OX2 (EC50=0.13 nM) over OX1 (52 nM) .
Biotinyl-Glucagon (1-29), human, bovine, porcine is a biotinylated glucagon. Glucagon is a peptide hormone, produced by α-cells of the pancreas, can increase concentration of glucose and fatty acids in the bloodstream .
Bone Gla Protein (45-49) is the 45-49 fragment of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA)-containing protein from bone (BGP, osteocalcin), which has chemotactic activity in vitro for a number of cells which are found adjacent to endosteal bone surfaces in vivo .
L-Isoleucyl-L-arginine is a dipeptide formed from L-isoleucine and L-arginine residues. L-Isoleucyl-L-arginine is a potent angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. L-Isoleucyl-L-arginine can be used for research of hypertension .
Alytesin, a bombesin-like peptide, is found in extracts of the skin of Alytes obstetricans. Alytesin reduces gastric acid secretion and induces hypertension. Alytesin also induces short-term anorexigenic effects in neonatal chicks
Pentagastrin (ICI-50123) is a potent, selective Cholecystokinin B (CCKB) receptor antagonists with IC50 values of 11 nM and 1100 nM for CCKB and CCKA, respectively. Pentagastrin enhances gastric mucosal defense mechanisms against acid and protects the gastric mucosa from experimental injury . .
VKGILS-NH2 is a reversed amino acid sequence control peptide for SLIGKV-NH2 (protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) agonist). VKGILS-NH2 has no effect on DNA synthesis in cells .
VKGILS-NH2 TFA is a reversed amino acid sequence control peptide for SLIGKV-NH2 (protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) agonist). VKGILS-NH2 TFA has no effect on DNA synthesis in cells .
α-MSH free acid (α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone free acid) is an MC3R and MC4R agonist with EC50s of 0.16 nM and 5.6 nM, respectively. α-MSH free acid activates cAMP generation at MC3R and MC4R .
Cyclobutyrol is a potent choleretic agent. Cyclobutyrol also inhibits biliary lipid secretion. Cyclobutyrol induces choleretic is unrelated to bile acids. Cyclobutyrol and bile acids do not compete for the hepatobiliar transport mechanisms[1]
LA-Bac8c is a Lipoic acid modified antimicrobial peptide with enhanced antimicrobial properties. LA-Bac8c inhibits S. aureus, MRSA, S. epidermidis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa with MICs of 1, 4, 8, 8, and 8 μg/mL .
Ac-Leu-Val-Lys-Aldehyde is a potent cathepsin B inhibitor with IC50s of 4 nM. Ac-Leu-Val-Lys-Aldehyde significantly reduces quinolinic acid (HY-100807)-induced striatal cell death and causes accumulation of LC3-II .
CYN 154806, a cyclic octapeptide, is a potent and selective somatostatin sst2 receptor antagonist, with pIC50 values of 8.58, 5.41, 6.07, 5.76 and 6.48 for human recombinant sst2, sst1, sst3, sst4 and sst5 receptors respectively .
CYN 154806 TFA, a cyclic octapeptide, is a potent and selective somatostatin sst2 receptor antagonist, with pIC50 values of 8.58, 5.41, 6.07, 5.76 and 6.48 for human recombinant sst2, sst1, sst3, sst4 and sst5 receptors respectively .
Ac-YVAD-CHO (L-709049) is a potent, reversible, specific tetrapeptide interleukin-lβ converting enzyme (ICE) inhibitor with mouse and human Ki values of 3.0 and 0.76 nM. Ac-YVAD-CHO is also a caspase-1 inhibitor. Ac-YVAD-CHO can suppress the production of mature IL-lβ .
TDSRCVIGLYHPPLQVY is a disordered control peptide. TDSRCVIGLYHPPLQVY is a peptide containing the same amino acids as LP17 (HY-P3400) but in a different sequence order .
TDSRCVIGLYHPPLQVY TFA is a disordered control peptide. TDSRCVIGLYHPPLQVY TFA is a peptide containing the same amino acids as LP17 (HY-P3400) but in a different sequence order .
L-Selenocystine is a diselenide-bridged amino acid. L-Selenocystine is a redox-active selenium compound that has both anti- and pro-oxidant actions. L-Selenocystine induces an unfolded protein response, ER stress, and large cytoplasmic vacuolization in HeLa cells and has cytostatic effects in a range of cancer cell types .
HCV-1 e2 Protein (484-499) is a peptide consisting of 16 amino acids. HCV-1 e2 Protein (484-499) is derived from the envelope 2 protein of hepatitis C virus in the sera from individuals with antibodies to HCV .
Guanylin (mouse, rat), a petide, is composed of 15 amino acids. Guanylin (mouse, rat) is an activator of intestinal guanylate cyclase. Guanylin (mouse, rat) can be used for the research of diarrhea .
LAH4, an alpha-helix of the designed amphipathic peptide antibiotic, exhibits potent antimicrobial, nucleic acid transfection and cell penetration activities. LAH4 possesses high plasmid DNA delivery capacities. LAH4 has a strong affinity for anionic lipids found in the outer membrane of bacterial membranes .
Endothelin-2 (49-69), human (Endothelin-2 (human, canine)) is a 21-amino acid vasoactive peptide that binds to G-protein-linked transmembrane receptors, ET-RA and ET-RB.
Endothelin-2 (49-69), human (TFA) (Endothelin-2 (49-69) (human, canine) (TFA)) is a 21-amino acid vasoactive peptide that binds to G-protein-linked transmembrane receptors, ET-RA and ET-RB.
LAH4 TFA, an alpha-helix of the designed amphipathic peptide antibiotic, exhibits potent antimicrobial, nucleic acid transfection and cell penetration activities. LAH4 TFA possesses high plasmid DNA delivery capacities. LAH4 TFA has a strong affinity for anionic lipids found in the outer membrane of bacterial membranes .
S-(2-Carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine (S-Carboxyethylcysteine) is a non-protein (modified) sulfur amino acid. S-(2-Carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine is present in Acacia seed. S-(2-Carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine can affect the seed’s protein use in rats. S-(2-Carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine suppresses the methionine-induced growth rate, and has a negative effect on the plasma amino acid levels in rats .
MAGE-3 Antigen (167-176) (human) is a polypeptide containing eight amino acids. MAGE-3 Antigen (167-176) (human) is a human leukocyte antigen HLA-B44 molecules epitope encoded by melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) .
Agelenin is a polypeptide composed of 35 amino acids. Agelenin could be isolated from the Agelenidae spider Agelena opulenta. Agelenin has structural similarity to insect-specific calcium channel inhibitor .
Lactalbumin B (50-53) Alpha [Lactorphin Alpha], bovine is a blood pressure lowering peptide containing 4 amino acids. Lactalbumin B (50-53) Alpha [Lactorphin Alpha], bovine is an angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Lactalbumin B (50-53) Alpha [Lactorphin Alpha], bovine can be used in research of high blood pressure .
Z-Gly-Pro-Phe-Leu-CHO (Z-GPFL-CHO) is a tetrapeptide aldehyde that acts as a highly selective and potent proteasomal inhibitor (Ki = 1.5 µM for branched chain amino acid preferring, 2.3 µM for small neutral amino acid preferring, and 40.5 µM for chymotrypsin-like activities; IC50 = 3.1 µM for peptidyl-glutamyl peptide hydrolyzing activity) .
retro-inverso TAT-Beclin 1 D-amino acid is has higher activity and resistance to proteolytic degradation in vivo compared to L-amino acids peptide. TAT-Beclin 1 can induce autophagy in peripheral tissues in adult mice as well as in the central nervous system of neonatal mice .
UNC4976 is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) peptidomimetic of CBX7 chromodomain binding to nucleic acids. UNC4976 simultaneously antagonizes H3K27me3-specific recruitment of CBX7 to target genes while increasing non-specific binding to DNA and RNA .
Apelin-12 is one of the most potent C-terminal fragments of the polypeptide that possesses a high affinity to orphan receptor APJ receptor. Apelin-12 is involved in the regulation of body fluid homeostasis and in the central control of feeding. Apelin-12 blocks HIV-1 entry through APJ receptor. Apelin-12 exerts neuroprotective effect .
H-Phe(3,5-DiF)-OH is a difluorophenylalanines in the L-configuration [L-(F2)Phe]. H-Phe(3,5-DiF)-OH can be incorporated into the thrombin receptor-tethered ligand peptide SFLLRNP to identify the phenyl hydrogens of the Phe-2 residue involved in the CH/π receptor interaction .
N-Formyl-L-histidine shows binding affinity to histidyl-tRNA synthetase with a Ki value of 4.6 μM. N-Formyl-L-histidine shows a competitive inhibition against L-histidine ammonia-lyase, inhibits urocanic acid formation from L-histidine with a Ki value of 4.26 mM .
CMX-2043 is a novel analogue of α-Lipoic Acid (HY-N0492). CMX-2043 is effective in antioxidant effect, activation of insulin receptor kinase, soluble tyrosine kinase, and Akt phosphorylation. CMX-2043 shows protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rat model .
UNC4976 TFA is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) peptidomimetic of CBX7 chromodomain binding to nucleic acids. UNC4976 TFA simultaneously antagonizes H3K27me3-specific recruitment of CBX7 to target genes while increasing non-specific binding to DNA and RNA .
HA Peptide (TFA) is a nine amino acids peptide derived from the human influenza hemagglutinin (HA). HA Peptide (TFA) is extensively used to isolate, purify, detect, and track the protein of interest in cell biology and biochemistry .
L-Homocysteic acid (L-HCA) is an endogenous excitatory amino acid that acts as a NMDA receptor agonist (EC50: 14 μM). L-Homocysteic acid is neurotoxic, and can be used in the research of neurological disorders .
Poly-L-lysine (hydrobromide) (MW 70000-150000), a positively charged amino acid polymer, is a nonspecific attachment factor for cells. Poly-L-lysine (hydrobromide) (MW 70000-150000) has good biocompatibility. Poly-L-lysine (hydrobromide) (MW 70000-150000) is used to increase cell adhesion to solid substrates by enhancing electrostatic interaction between negatively charged ions of the cell membrane and the culture surface .
Poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (MW 150000-300000), a positively charged amino acid polymer, is a nonspecific attachment factor for cells. Poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (MW 150000-300000) has good biocompatibility. Poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (MW 150000-300000) is used to increase cell adhesion to solid substrates by enhancing electrostatic interaction between negatively charged ions of the cell membrane and the culture surface .
CKS-17 is a synthetic retroviral envelope peptide. CKS-17 has the highly conserved amino acid sequences occurring within the transmembrane envelope protein of many animal and human retroviruses. CKS-17 acts as an immunomodulatory epitope and exhibits suppressive properties for numerous immune functions .
RGD-4C is a arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide (ACDCRGDCFC) with integrin binding activity. The Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence serves as the primary integrin recognition site in extracellular matrix proteins, and peptides containing this sequence can mimic the recognition specificity of the matrix proteins. RGD-4C is a αv-integrin ligand, can conjugate with bioactive molecule to exert antitumor effects in animal models .
Secretin, porcine (Porcine secretin acetate) is a 27-amino acid peptide, acting on pancreatic acinar cells and ductal epithelial cells stimulating the production of bicarbonate rich fluid.
Secretin, porcine TFA (Porcine secretin TFA) is a 27-amino acid peptide, acting on pancreatic acinar cells and ductal epithelial cells stimulating the production of bicarbonate rich fluid .
CVT-11127 is a potent SCD inhibitor. CVT-11127 induces apoposis and arrests the cell cycle at the G1/S phase. CVT-11127 has the potential for the research of lung cancer .
Zilucoplan (RA101495), a 15-amino acid macrocyclic peptide, is a potent complement component 5 (C5) inhibitor. Zilucoplan can be used in research of immune-mediated necrotising myopathy (IMNM) .
Exendin-4 (3-39) is a peptide. Exendin-4 (3-39) is a truncated form of Exendin-4 (HY-13443) that lacks the first two amino acids. Exendin-4 is a potent Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1r) agonist. Exendin-4 (3-39) and Exendin-4 can be used for the research of diabetic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis .
GVLSNVIGYLKKLGTGALNAVLKQ is an antimicrobial peptide with 24-amino acid. GVLSNVIGYLKKLGTGALNAVLKQ can potentially form α-helix. GVLSNVIGYLKKLGTGALNAVLKQ (PGQ) has activity against Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans .
CooP is a linear glioblastoma-targeting nonapeptide. CooP binds to the mammary-derived growth inhibitor/fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) in the glioblastoma cells and its associated vasculature. CooP is used for the targeted delivery of chemotherapy and different nanoparticles .
Conantokin-T is a γ-carboxyglutamate-containing, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist peptidewith an IC50 value of 2 μM. Conantokin-T inhibits NMDA receptor-mediated calcium influx in central nervous system neurons. Conantokin-T can be purified from the venom of the fish-hunting cone snail, Conus tulipa .
GPR is a three amino acid peptide. GPR can rescue cultured rat hippocampal neurons from Aβ-induced neuronal death by inhibiting caspase-3/p53 dependent apoptosis. GPR can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
EILDV (human, bovine, rat) is an analogue of the active pentapeptide. EILDV (human, bovine, rat) has active tripeptide amino acid sequence LDV that is conserved in human, bovine, rat. EILDV (human, bovine, rat) can be used for the research of cell adhesion .
Litorin, an amphibian bombesin peptide derivative, is an bombesin receptor agonist. Litorin stimulates the contraction of smooth muscle, stimulates gastrin, gastric acid, and pancreatic secretion, and suppresses the nutriment in vivo .
H-Tyr-Phe-OH (L-Tyrosyl-L-phenylalanine) is an orally active inhibitor of Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), with an inhibiton rate of 48% at 50 μM. H-Tyr-Phe-OH can be used as an biomarker for differentiating benign thyroid nodules (BTN) from thyroid cancer (TC). H-Tyr-Phe-OH exhibits xanthine oxidase inhibition (uric acid lowering) activity and serves as regulator in IL-8 production in neutrophil-like cells .
Golotimod (SCV-07), an immunomodulating peptide with antimicrobial activity, significantly increases the efficacy of antituberculosis therapy, stimulates thymic and splenic cell proliferation, and improves macrophage function. Golotimod (SCV-07) inhibits STAT3 signaling and modulates the duration and severity of oral mucositis in animal models that received radiation or a combination of radiation and Cisplatin. Golotimod (SCV-07) is also a potential therapeutic for recurrent genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) .
Glycine, N-[(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]thio-L-phenylalanyl-, methyl ester (compound 3b) is a polypeptide compound containing sulfamide, can be used to synthesis peptide-agent coupling compounds .
Cysteamine S-phosphate (Cystaphos) sodium can be hydroIyzed to Cysteamine by human alkaline phosphatases. Cysteamine is an orally active agent for the research of nephropathic cystinosis and an antioxidant .
Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH is an arginine derivative containing amine protecting group Fmoc. Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH is a building block for the introduction of Arg into SPPS (Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis) .
L-Cystine dihydrochloride can be used as a cell culture component and is a sulfur-containing precursor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. L-Cystine dihydrochloride homeostasis is also important for GSH functions .
N-Fmoc-N,O-dimethyl-L-serine is a serine derivative that can be used for coibamide A synthesis. Coibamide A is a marine natural product with potent antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells .
(4R)-1-Boc-4-fluoro-D-proline is an amino acid derivative that can be used for preparation of peptidomimetics, dihydropyridopyrimidines and pyridopyrimidines .
D-5-Hydroxytryptophan (D-5-HTP) is the D-isomer of 5-HTP and can be isolated from DL-5-hydroxytryptophan by continuous separation. Compared with intraperitoneal administration of L-5-Hydroxytryptophan, which can induce dose-dependent backward walking behavior in mice, D-5-Hydroxytryptophan has no significant effect on mouse behavior and is a negative control. D-5-Hydroxytryptophan is also a 5-HT ligand, capable of binding to the 5-HT site with affinity in the micromolar range .
Fmoc-Ala-Ala-OH (3) is a self-assemble fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-dipeptide, which is a smaller amphiphilic building blocks consists dipeptides linked to fluore nylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc). Fmoc-Ala-Ala-OH can be used as scaffold materials in 3D cell culture .
N-Butyryl-DL-homocysteine thiolactone is an N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) analogue. AHLs are potent inhibitors of biofilm formation and virulence factors, and has been used for degrading microbial communities, reducing bacterial pathogenicity .
L-Cysteine S-sulfate is a potent N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamatergic receptor agonist. L-Cysteine S-sulfate is the substrate for cystine lyase, and can be used in mass spectrometry operations .
O-Succinyl-L-homoserine is a homoserine derivative. O-Succinyl-L-homoserine is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of methionine in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium .
Boc-L-Ala-OH (Boc-Ala-OH) shows excellent affinity with ATP. Boc-L-Ala-OH contains an amino acid moiety, and an acylamide bond like that of the peptide and protein .
Boc-D-Leucine monohydrate (Boc-D-Leu-OH hydrate) is an N-Boc-protected form of D-Leucine (L330150). D-Leucine is an unnatural isomer of L-Leucine (L330110) that acts as an auto-inhibitor of lactic streptococci. D-Leucine shows potent anti-seizure effect .
N-BOC-DL-serine methyl ester is a Serine derivative. N-BOC-DL-serine methyl ester is used for the synthesis of α,β-dehydro-α-amino acid. N-BOC-DL-serine methyl ester is also used for the synthesis of anti-cancer agent, such as quinazolinone derivative that inhibits PI3K activity, and tricyclic pyrolopyranopyridines that inhibits protein kinase activity .
(S)-2-Aminopent-4-ynoic acid is a synthetic amino acid. (S)-2-Aminopent-4-ynoic acid can be used in synthesis of folate-conjugates and corresponding metal-chelate complexes . (S)-2-Aminopent-4-ynoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Fmoc-His(Trt)-OH has trityl (Trt) group to protect the side-chain of His. Fmoc-His(Trt)-OH has Fmoc group to protect -αNH2. Fmoc-His(Trt)-OH can be used for solid phase synthesis of peptides, providing protection against racemization and by-product formation .
Z-Phe-Leu-OH (NSC 334018) is a substrate for carboxypeptidase Y (CPY). Z-Phe-Leu-OH is incubated with recombinant CPY to determine peptidase activity .
Methionylserine (H-MET-SER-OH) is a methionine- and serine-containing dipeptide. Methionylserine binds to and translocation via intestinal di/tri-peptide transporter 1 (hPEPT1) with a Km value of 0.2 mM. Methionylserine inhibits ACE enzyme activity. Methionylserine can be used in the research of hypension .
Fmoc-D-Phe(4-CF3)-OH is Phenylalanine derivative. Fmoc-D-Phe(4-CF3)-OH can be used for the research of peptide inhibitors of protein-protein interactions .
H-Met-OiPr hydrochloride is an Methionine derivative. H-Met-OiPr hydrochloride participates in the synthesis preparation of inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase (FTase), and can be used in cancer research .
N-lauroylsarcosine is an anionic surfactant, and can be used as a permeation enhancer. The mixture of N-lauroylsarcosine in 25-50% ethanol acts synergistically to increase skin permeability, which may be useful for transdermal drug delivery research .
D-Ala-D-Ala constitutes the terminus of the peptide part of the peptidoglycan monomer unit and is involved in the transpeptidation reaction as the substrate. D-Ala-D-Ala is catalyzed by D-Alanine-D-Alanine ligase. D-Ala-D-Ala is a bacterial endogenous metabolite .
N6-Diazo-L-Fmoc-lysine is an active compand and can be used in a variety of chemical studies. N6-Diazo-L-Fmoc-lysine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
3,5-Dinitro-L-tyrosine sodium is a tyrosine derivative. 3,5-Dinitro-L-tyrosine sodium as artificial substrate, has zero activity relative to tyrosine as a substrate for tyrosine aminotransferase .
Fmoc-Ser(Ac)-OH (Fmoc-O-acetyl-L-serine) is a Serine derivative. Fmoc-Ser(Ac)-OH can be used for the preparation of broad-spectrum coronavirus membrane fusion inhibitor .
Methyl 4-iodo-L-phenylalaninate hydrochloride is a Phenylalaninate derivative. Methyl 4-iodo-L-phenylalaninate hydrochloride can be used for the preparation of factor XI modulators used in the research of thrombotic and thromboembolic. Methyl 4-iodo-L-phenylalaninate hydrochloride can also be used for the synthesis of compounds for the research of amyloid-related diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease .
S-Phenylmercapturic acid, a metabolite of benzene, can be used as a biomarker, identified by GC, HPLC (UV or fluorescence detection), GC-MS, LC-MS/MS or immunoassay .
MIF-1 (Melanostatin), an endogenous brain peptide, is a potent dopamine receptor allosteric modulator. MIF-1 inhibits melanin formation. MIF-1 blocks the effects of opioid receptor activation to modulate the analgesic effects. MIF-1 accesses from the blood to the CNS by directly crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) .
Fmoc-His(3-Me)OH derives Histidine-associating compounds with biological activity. Fmoc-His(3-Me)OH, with Fmoc-citrulline-OH, Fmoc-His(1-Me)-OH together, forms tri-peptides and shows vasodilating effect with EC50s of 2.7-4.7 mM in 1.0 mM Phenylephrine (PE)-contracted aorta rings. Fmoc-His(3-Me)OH (resin) also makes Methyl-His-Gly-Lys (His(3-Me)-Gly-Lys), thus acts as an [Ca 2+]i inhibitor. Fmoc-His(3-Me)OH methylates NAHIS02, making it unable to block the Alzheimer's Aβ channel .
Boc-Lys(Z)-OH (DCHA) is a involves in synthesis thymosin β4, βg and β6 fragments, and increases E-rosette forming capacity in Lupus Nephritis model. Boc-Lys(Z)-OH (DCHA) involves in synthesis Boc-Lyz-OCH3 and acts as a reagent of peptidyl thrombin inhibitors production .
DL-Allylglycine (2-Aminopent-4-enoic acid) is a glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) inhibitor. DL-Allylglycine has convulsant activity that can be used in studies to induce epileptic seizures .
cis-Fmoc-Pro(4-N3)-OH is a proline derivative . cis-Fmoc-Pro(4-N3)-OH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
DL-Propargylglycine is a Glycine (HY-Y0966) derivative . DL-Propargylglycine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Fmoc-D-Pra-OH is a Glycine (HY-Y0966) derivative . Fmoc-D-Pra-OH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Fmoc-Pra-OH is a Glycine (HY-Y0966) derivative . Fmoc-Pra-OH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
(R)-2-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)pent-4-ynoic acid is a Glycine (HY-Y0966) derivative . (R)-2-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)pent-4-ynoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
(S)-2-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)pent-4-ynoic acid is a Glycine (HY-Y0966) derivative . (S)-2-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)pent-4-ynoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
3-Azido-L-alanine is an aliphatic functionalized amino acid with side chain lengths of up to four carbons . 3-Azido-L-alanine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
NNZ 2591 is a synthetic analogue of a small peptide of cyclic glycine proline (cGP). NNZ 2591 shows orally active and cross the blood-brain barrier. NNZ 2591 shows neuroprotective after ischemic brain injury. NNZ 2591 improves motor function in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. NNZ 2591 has the potential for the research of ischemic brain injury and angelman syndrome .
Boc-Lys-OH is a lysine derivative of azocyclic and anthraquinone. Boc-Lys-OH is a polypeptide-based heterofunctional linking molecule, which can be used as a biomarker reagent .
Boc-Glu(OBzl)-OH (Compound 9) is a glutamic acid derivative commonly used in Boc SPPS. Glutamic acid residues increase the hydrophilicity of the polypeptide and play an important structural and receptor binding role .
DL-α-(Difluoromethyl)arginine is an potent, enzyme-activated and irreversible arginine decarboxylases inhibitor. DL-α-(Difluoromethyl)arginine blocks the arginine decarboxylase activity of E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vivo .
Selenocystine is a broad-spectrum anti-cancer agent. Selenocystine induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells, particularly in the form of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Selenocystine exhibits great promise as a therapeutic or adjuvant agent targeting DNA repair for cancer treatment .
L-Argininamide is a hydrophilic amino acid derivative and can be used as a compound for ligand binding DNA aptamers. L-Argininamide has the potential for fluorescent aptasensors development .
Docosahexaenoyl glycine is a PUFA analogue. Docosahexaenoyl glycine has activating effects on IKs?channels?and restore the function of IKs?channels with LQT1 mutation .
Propionyl-L-carnitine is a carnitine derivative and has a high affinity for muscular carnitine transferase. Propionyl-L-carnitine increases cellular carnitine content, thereby allowing free fatty acid transport into the mitochondria. Propionyl-L-carnitine alleviates the symptoms of PAD through a metabolic pathway, thereby improving exercise performance .
N-Oleoyl-L-Serine is an endogenous amide of long-chain fatty acids with ethanolamine (N-acyl amides). N-Oleoyl-L-Serine is a lipid regulator of bone remodeling and stimulates osteoclast apoptosis. N-Oleoyl-L-Serine can be used for antiosteoporotic drug discovery development .
Glutathione ethyl ester is a cell-permeable GSH donor and provides an efficient supply of GSH to the oocyte. Glutathione ethyl ester shows positive effect on the in vitro production of embryos by enhancement of the antioxidative defense .
N-Arachidonoyl-L-alanine is an endocannabinoid analog with anti-cancer effects. N- Arachidonoyl-L-alanine kills HNSCC cells through 5-LO-mediated ROS productio .
Paracetamol-cysteine is a Paracetamol-cysteine Paracetamol protein adduct (PPA) and is formed when paracetamol is oxidized to the reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) .
Hypertrehalosemic neuropeptide (Nauphoeta cinerea) is a neuropeptide in the adipokinetic hormone/red pigment-concentrating hormone (AKH/RPCH) family, and can stimulate the synthesis of trehalose .
4-Chloro-L-phenylalanine (L-PCPA) is a 5-HT biosynthesis inhibitor. 4-Chloro-L-phenylalanine is also a nonspecific antagonist of both isoforms of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH1 and TPH2) .
Dnp-PYAYWMR is a peptide substrate that selectively targets MMP3. Dnp-PYAYWMR is cleaved by MMP3 to produce Dnp-PYA (nonfluorescent) and YWMR (fluorophore detectable at 360 nm). After incubation of MMP3 with Dnp-PYAYWMR for 2 h, MMP3 fluorescence intensity was measured. Ex/Em=328/350 nm .
G-Subtide is a G-substrate peptide localized in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. G-Subtide has little activity distinct from background and is a preferentially phosphorylated peptide substrate of recombinant PfPKG2 protein .
mP6 (Myr-FEEERA-OH) is a myristoylated peptide. mP6 inhibits the interaction of Gα13 with integrin β3 without disrupting talin-dependent integrin function. mP6 can block the GTP usage of Rac1, Rap1, and Rab7, effectively inhibiting the infection of CHO-A24 cells .
cpm-1285m is a cell-permeable mutated peptide analogue of cpm-1285 (Bcl-2 inhibitory peptide). cpm-1285m contains a single substitution of alanine for Leu-151, and exhibits a decrease in Bcl-2 binding affinity with a reduction in IC50 of ∼15-fold. cpm-1285m can be used as a control of cpm-1285 .
HEP-1 (Human ezrin peptide (324-337)) is an orally active peptide with anti-HIV activity. HEP-1 enhances antibody titers generated by hepatitis B vaccination. HEP-1 has the potential to be studied against viral infections .
Hylambatin, a tachykinin, increases both plasma glucose and plasma insulin, whereas the secretion of glucagon was not affected. Hylambatin can be used in diabetes research .
MMP-1 Substrate is a matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) selective substrate that can be used for the fluorometric determination of MMP-1 enzymatic activity .
[Deamino-Pen1,Val4,D-Arg8]-vasopressin (AVP-A) is an arginine-vasopressin (AVP) antagonist. AVP-A can significantly lower plasma aldosterone concentration in rats. AVP-A can be used for the research of the growth and steroidogenic capacity of rat adrenal zona glomerulosa .
CBO-P11 specifically binds to receptor of VEGFR-2 and is used as targeting ligand for tumor angiogenesis. CBO-P11 is modified with a nearinfrared cyanine dye bearing an alkyne function, allowing both “click” coupling on azido-modified nanoparticles and fluorescence labelling .
sPLA2-IIA Inhibitor is a cyclic pentapeptide analog of FLSYK (cyclic 2-Nal-Leu-Ser-2-Nal-Arg (c2)), that binds to hGIIA (human IIA phospholipase A2) and inhibits its hydrolytic ability. sPLA2 is a member of the esterase superfamily that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the ester bond at the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids, releasing free fatty acids such as arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids .
PSMA-1 is a PSMA targeting peptide (GRFLTGGTGRLLRIS) and can be used for for targeted delivery of glucose-regulated protein (GRP)-silencing siRNAs in PCa cells.?PSMA-1 is selected and polyarginine sequences R6?or R9?were added at the C terminus to generate the CTPs. FITC labeling of the peptide with an aminohexanoic acid (Ahx) linker at the N terminus produced FITC-PSMA-1, to track PSMA binding on PCa cells .?
cpm-1285 induces apoptosis by functionally blocking intracellular Bcl-2 and related death antagonists. cpm-1285 shows strong binding potency to Bcl-2 with an IC50 value of 130 nM. cpm-1285 reduces tumor burden in mice .
MMP-8/MMP-26 Fluorogenic substrate (DNP-Pro-Leu-Ala-Tyr-Trp-Ala-Arg) is a matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) fluorogenic substrate. MMP-8/MMP-26 Fluorogenic substrate can be used for the research of atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and sepsis .
2-(Methylamino)benzoic acid is the main metabolite of methyl-N-methylanthranilates (MMA) (HY-76705) and is the compound in which the ester group is converted. MMA can be isolated from citrus fruits and has potential analgesic activity. 2-(Methylamino)benzoic acid was used to detect the metabolic levels of MMA in rat liver .
Cathepsin K inhibitor 4 is a potent carbohydrazide Cathepsin K inhibitor with IC50s of 13 nM, 269 nM, 296 nM for human, rat, mouse Cathepsin K, respectively .
JKC 301 is a selective Endothelin A receptor antagonist. JKC 301 attenuates the pressor effects of nicotine in rats. JKC 301 can be used to study cardiovascular disease caused by smoking .
Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine is a tripeptide consisting of glycine, L-histidine and L-lysine residues joined in sequence. Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine is a hepatotropic immunosuppressor and shows anxiolytic effect. Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine and its copper complexes show good skin tolerance .
Lithospermic acid ((+)-Lithospermic acid) is a plant-derived polycyclic phenolic carboxylic acid isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, and has the anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective activity on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver damage in vitro and in vivo .
Salvianolic acid B is an active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza, which has been widely applied in China for the management of various microcirculation-related disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetic vascular complication.
Monomethyl lithospermate activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, which plays a protective role in nerve injury. Monomethyl lithospermate can improve the survival ability of SHSY-5Y cells, inhibit the breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMOP) and inhibit cell apoptosis. Monomethyl lithospermate also reduced the level of oxidative stress in the brain tissue of rats with middle artery occlusion (MCAO) and improved nerve damage in rats with ischemic stroke (IS) .
Coronatine is a plant growth regulator produced by Pseudomonas syringae. Coronatine simulates bioactive jasmonic acid (HY-122464A) conjugates or octadecanoid signal molecules of higher plants to make plants appear pathogenic symptoms. Coronatine promotes the virulence of Pseudomonas syringae in plants by activating the signal cascade that inhibits the accumulation of Salicylic acid (HY-B0167) .
Isodeoxycholic acid (7α,12α-Dihydroxycholanoic acid) is the 3β-epimer of ursodeoxycholic acid. Isodeoxycholic acid has the effect on choleresis and liver biochemistry .
N-Nervonoyl taurine ((Z)-2-tetracos-15-enamidoethanesulfonic acid) is a fatty acid-taurine conjugate derived from nervonic acid. N-Nervonoyl taurine is a substrate of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) discovered during metabolite profiling .
Ethyl arachidonate is a lipophilic esterified form of arachidonic acid (AA) and can be added into dietary regimens or fed to cultured cells as a source of exogenous arachidonate. Ethyl arachidonate is the main species of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) in brain of alcohol-intoxicated subjects .
(±)8-HETE is one of the six monohydroxy fatty acids produced by the non-enzymatic oxidation of Arachidonic acid (HY-109590). The biological activity of (±)8-HETE is likely to resemble that of its constituent enantiomers (8(R)-HETE and 8(S)-HETE).
Stearidonic acid (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z-Octadecatetraenoic acid) is an intermediate fatty acid in the biosynthetic pathway from α-linolenic acid to VLC ω-3 PUFA. The conversion efficiency of stearidonic acid is higher than that of alpha-linolenic acid. Increasing the intake of stearidonic acid can increase the content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in red blood cells. Stearidonic acid can also be isolated from methanolic extracts of the brown alga Brachyphyllum gracilis .
12-Ketochenodeoxycholic acid 12 is a direct precursor of cholodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). Cholodeoxycholic acid is used to cholesterol gallstones and has chemotherapeutic properties that dissolve gallstones .
Deoxycholic acid (cholanoic acid), a bile acid, is a by-product of intestinal metabolism, that activates the G protein-coupled bile acid receptorTGR5 .
Deoxycholic acid sodium salt (sodium deoxycholate), a bile acid, is a by-product of intestinal metabolism, that activates the G protein-coupled bile acid receptorTGR5 .
3-Oxooctadecanoic acid (3-Oxostearic acid) is a saturated fatty acid (SFA). 3-Oxooctadecanoic acid is an intermediate product in fatty acid biosynthesis and it was converted from malonic acid via the enzyme .
2,3,8-Tri-O-methylellagic acid is a terpenoids that can be isolated from the stem bark of Neoboutonia macrocalyx. 2,3,8-Tri-O-methylellagic acid is found to be 50 times more active than the parent ellagic acid .
Alphitolic acid (Aophitolic acid) is an anti-inflammatory triterpene could found in quercus aliena. Alphitolic acid blocks Akt–NF-κB signaling to induce apoptosis. Alphitolic acid induces autophagy. Alphitolic acid has anti-inflammatory activity and down-regulates the NO and TNF-α production. Alphitolic acid can be used for cancer and inflammation research .
Salvianolic acid F is a kind of Salvianolic Acids. Salvianolic Acids is the most effective and abundant compounds extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, with good anti-oxidative activity .
Tetradecanedioic acid is an endogenous metabolite and belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Tetradecanedioic acid can act as a candidate biomarker for organic anion-transporting polypeptide mediated agent-agent interactions .
p-Toluic acid (4-Methylbenzoic acid), coumarin, is a substituted benzoic acid. p-Toluic acidis synthetic p-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA), intermediates such as p-toluonitrile. p-Toluic acidMay have potential reproductive toxicity, press 1g/kgRepeated administration of doses can produce a variety of adverse effects on the epididymis .
Methyl 5-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxylate is a phenolic acid that can found in the stems of Mahonia fortune. Methyl 5-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxylate exhibits NO inhibitory effects in vitro .
6-Hydroxykynurenic acid (6-HKA) is a derivative of kynurenic acid (KYNA) and can be isolated from Ginkgo leaves. 6-Hydroxykynurenic acid is a low-affinity NMDAR antagonist (IC50: 59 μM) .
Acacetin 7-O-glucuronide is a glucuronide isolated from the methanolic leaf extract of Acacetin. Acacetin 7-O-glucuronide has potential applications in the development of nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical formulations .
L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans .
DL-β-Hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A lithium is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid and the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan, and is produced from β-hydroxybutyric acid by short-chain-CoA synthase .
5-HETE ((±)-5-HETE), a fatty acid, is a oxidative derivative of Arachidonic acid. 5-HETE is a mixture of 5(S)-HETE and 5(R)-HETE. 5-HETE is a potent aggregating agent that induces the aggregation of neutrophils with an IC50 value of 200 nM .
Polygalacturonic acid (Galacturonic acid polymer) is transparent colloid, is a major component of the cell wall. Polygalacturonic acid can be used to prepare silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory that protect cells from destructive effect of elevated ROS and accelerate wound healing. Polygalacturonic acid nanoparticles also displays anti-bacterial activity .
9-PAHPA is a fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acid (FAHFA). FAHFAs are a new family of endogenous lipids, have antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects .
L-Tartaric acid (L-(+)-Tartaric acid) sodium hydrate is the enantiomer of D-tartaric acid. L-Tartaric acid (HY-Y0293) is a white crystalline dicarboxylic acid found in many plants, such as grapes, and is one of the main organic acids in wine. L-Tartaric acid sodium hydrate which acts as a flour bulking agent and as a food additive can interact with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide .
Glycolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (SLCG) is a cholic acid derivative and a metabolite of glycolithocholic acid. Glycolithocholic acid 3-sulfate inhibits replication of HIV-1 in vitro. Glycolithocholic acid 3-sulfate can be used for the research of HIV infection and gallbladder disease .
Methyl Cholate is methyl ester form of Cholic acid. Cholic acid is one of the major bile acids produced by the liver, where it is synthesized from cholesterol .
Methyl myristate is a saturated fatty acid methyl ester obtained from the esterification of myristic acid. Methyl myristate shows a high melanin induction in B16F10 melanoma .
trans-Isoferulic acid (trans-3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is an aromatic acid isolated from the roots of Clematis florida var. plena. trans-Isoferulic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity .trans-isoferulic acid suppresses NO and PGE2 production through the induction of Nrf2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) .
Ethyl 3,4-dicaffeoylquinate is a phenolic acid isolated from G. divaricata. G. divaricata is one of the famous traditional Chinese herbs, usually used for bronchitis, tuberculosis, twisted knot cough, rheumatism, diabetes, etc .
Guluronic acid sodium is an uronic acid monosaccharide and a glucuronic acid diasteroisomer. Guluronic acid sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent .
Pestanoid A is a rearranged pimarane diterpenoid osteoclastogenesis inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.2 μM. Pestanoid A can be isolated from the marine mesophotic zone chalinidae sponge-associated fungus, Pestalotiopsis sp. NBUF145. Pestanoid A inhibits the receptor activator of NF-kB ligand-induced MAPK and NF-κB signaling by suppressing the phosphorylation of ERK1/2-JNK1/2-p38 MAPKs and NF-κB nuclear translocation. Pestanoid A can be used for the study of osteoporosis .
(3β)-3-[(O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]olean-12-en-28-oic acid is a member of Oleanolic acid saponins with trematocide activity .
Ambruticin (W7783) is an orally active and potent antifungal antibiotic. Ambruticin represents a class of antibiotics, that can be isolated from a strain of Polyangium cellulosum var. fulvum, a bacterium belonging to the class Myxobacteriales. Ambruticin is a cyclopropyl-polyene-pyran acid and is active against fungi .
Oxaloacetic acid (2-Oxosuccinic acid) is a metabolic intermediate involved in several ways, such as citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, amino acid synthesis, and fatty acid synthesis, whereby Oxaloacetic acid facilitates the clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improves mitochondrial function .
Punicic acid is a bioactive compound of pomegranate seed oil. Punicic acid is an isomer of conjugated α-linolenic acid and a ω-5 polyunsaturated fatty acid. Punicic acid has the potential for the research of various chronic diseases .
Lithocholic acid is a toxic secondary bile acid that can promote intrahepatic cholestasis and promote tumorigenesis. Lithocholic acid is also a FXR antagonist and a PXR/SXR agonist .
2'-Deoxycytidine, a deoxyribonucleoside, can inhibit biological effects of Bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu). 2'-Deoxycytidine is essential for the synthesis of nucleic acids, that can be used for the research of cancer .
Glycodeoxycholic Acid is a natural product found in Streptomyces nigricans, Trypanosoma brucei and C. elegans. Glycodeoxycholic Acid induces hepatocyte necrosis and autophagy in patients with obstructive cholestasis .
Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is a major bioactive metabolite of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can promote fatty acid synthesis in hepatocytes by regulating the expression of relevant genes and proteins, contributing to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) .
L-hydroxylysine dihydrochloride ((2S,5R)-5-Hydroxylysine dihydrochloride), an amino acid, is exclusive to collagen protein, which is formed by posttranslational hydroxylation of some lysine residues .
Octadecanedioic acid, an endogenous metabolite, is a long-chain dicarboxylic acid that has been found in serum free fatty acid profile in Reye syndrome .
L-Palmitoylcarnitine TFA, a long-chain acylcarnitine and a fatty acid metabolite, accumulates in the sarcolemma and deranges the membrane lipid environment during ischaemia. L-Palmitoylcarnitine TFA inhibits KATP channel activity, without affecting the single channel conductance, through interaction with Kir6.2 .
L-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride, a long-chain acylcarnitine and a fatty acid metabolite, accumulates in the sarcolemma and deranges the membrane lipid environment during ischaemia. L-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride inhibits KATP channel activity, without affecting the single channel conductance, through interaction with Kir6.2 .
S-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)glutathione is a glutathione derivative. S-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)glutathione inhibits the in vitro binding of kainic acid to brain glutamate receptors, with an IC50 of 2 μM .
Lignoceric acid (Tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid, which is synthesized in the developing brain. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. Lignoceric acid can be used for Zellweger cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophy research .
Digalacturonic acid is a metabolite of pectin or pectic acid. Digalacturonic acid can be used for the co-crystallization of enzymes such as proteinase K .
Malonyl CoA is a substrate for fatty acid biosynthesis and an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. Malonyl CoA is also a reversible inhibitor of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1 .
Poricoic acid G is a triterpenoid that can be isolated from Poria cocos. Poricoic acid G has a significant cytotoxic effect on leukemia cells and is a potential potent anti-leukemic compound in humans .
Pyridoxal is one of the major forms of vitamin B6. Pyridoxal is phosphorylated by pyridoxal kinase to Pyridoxal phosphate (HY-B1744). Pyridoxal is oxidized by the liver to 4-Pyridoxic acid (HY-113493) which is excreted in the urine .
Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA; all-cis-8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid) sodium is a 20-carbon ω-6 fatty acid, with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (sodium) attenuates atherosclerosis in the apolipoprotein E deficient mouse model system .
Malonyl CoA (Malonyl coenzyme A) tetralithium is a substrate for fatty acid biosynthesis and an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. Malonyl CoA tetralithium is also a reversible inhibitor of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1 .
(±)7(8)-DiHDPA is a epoxygenase metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid (HY-B2167). (±)7(8)-DiHDPA inhibits platelet aggregation at concentrations below those affecting thromboxane synthesis .
Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism .
Coenzyme A (CoASH) is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor, which is an acyl group carrier and carbonyl-activating group for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Coenzyme A plays a central role in the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle and the metabolism of carboxylic acids, including short- and long-chain fatty acids .
Coenzyme A (CoASH) is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor, which is an acyl group carrier and carbonyl-activating group for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Coenzyme A plays a central role in the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle and the metabolism of carboxylic acids, including short- and long-chain fatty acids .
Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) ammonium is a cofactor that is formed by the catalytic activity of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase. Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (ammonium) is a central precursor in sugar nucleotide biosynthesis and common substrate for C4-epimerases and decarboxylases releasing UDP-galacturonic acid (UDP-GalA) and UDP-pentose products, respectively. Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (ammonium), as a glucuronic acid donor, can be used for for the research of the conjugation of bilirubin in the endoplasmic recticulum .
Coenzyme A (CoASH) sodium is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor, which is an acyl group carrier and carbonyl-activating group for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Coenzyme A plays a central role in the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle and the metabolism of carboxylic acids, including short- and long-chain fatty acids .
Succinyl-Coenzyme A (Succinyl-CoA) sodium is an intermediate of the citric acid cycle. Succinyl-Coenzyme A sodium can be converted to succinic acid and can also combines with glycine to form δ-ALA to synthesize porphyrins (heme). Succinyl-Coenzyme A sodium can be used in the study of metabolic, neurological and haematological abnormalities (such as porphyrias) caused by nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency (resulting in a deficiency in Succinyl-Coenzyme A synthesis) .
Levomefolic acid (5-MTHF) is an orally active, brain-penetrant natural active form of folic acid and is one of the most widely used folic acid food supplements .
Urethane (Ethyl carbamate), the ethyl ester of carbamic acid, is a byproduct of fermentation found in various food products. Urethane has the ability to suppress bacterial, protozoal, sea urchin egg, and plant tissue growth in vitro .
DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt is an endogenous metabolite. DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt is a substrate in the citric acid cycle. DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt can be used as a marker for determining the composition of isocitrates in fruit products, including fruit juices.
Indole-3-acetamide is a biosynthesis intermediate of indole-3-acetic acid (HY-18569). Indole-3-acetic acid is the most common natural plant growth hormone of the auxin class .
Tridecanoic acid (N-Tridecanoic acid), a 13-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid, can serve as an antipersister and antibiofilm agent that may be applied to research bacterial infections. Tridecanoic acid inhibits Escherichia coli persistence and biofilm formation .
Uridine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt is a potent, selective P2Y6 receptor native agonist (EC50=300 nM; pEC50=6.52 for human P2Y6 receptor). Uridine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt, an endogenous metabolite, catalyzes the glucuronidation of a wide array of substrates and is used in nucleic acid (RNA) biosynthesis .
Pyridoxal hydrochloride is the hydrochloride form of Pyridoxal (HY-107469). Pyridoxal is one of the major forms of vitamin B6. Pyridoxal is phosphorylated by pyridoxal kinase to Pyridoxal phosphate (HY-B1744). Pyridoxal is oxidized by the liver to 4-Pyridoxic acid (HY-113493) which is excreted in the urine .
Arachidonic acid (Icosanoic acid), an orally active long-chain fatty acid, is present in all mammalian cells, typically esterified to membrane phospholipids, and is one of the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids present in human tissue. Moreover, Arachidonic acid is an important mediator of inflammation .
Paederosidic acid is isolated from P. scandens with anticancer and anti‐inflammation activities. Paederosidic acid inhibits lung caner cells via inducing mitochondria-mediated apoptosis .
(±)-Vasicine is the racemate of Vasicine. Vasicine (Peganine) significantly inhibits H +-K +-ATPase activity in vitro with an IC50 of 73.47 μg/mL. Anti-ulcer activity. Vasicine shows significant anti-secretory, antioxidant and cytoprotective effect .
Menthyl acetate (L-Menthyl acetate) is a derivative of L-menthol. Menthyl acetate is effective to enhance 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) skin permeation .
Uridine 5'-diphosphate sodium salt is a potent, selective P2Y6 receptor native agonist (EC50=300 nM; pEC50=6.52) and a potent P2Y14 antagonist (pEC50=7.28). Uridine 5'-diphosphate sodium salt, an endogenous metabolite, catalyzes the glucuronidation of a wide array of substrates and is used in nucleic acid (RNA) biosynthesis .
4-Bromo-3-hydroxybenzoic acid is a metabolite of Brocresine and a histidine decarboxylase (HDC) inhibitor with IC50s of 1 mM for both rat fetal and rat gastric HDC. 4-Bromo-3-hydroxybenzoic acid also inhibits aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase from hog kidney and rat gastric mucosa in vitro with IC50s of 1 mM for both enzymes .
7-Ketolithocholic acid (3α-Hydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanic acid), a bile acid, can be absorbed and suppresses endogenous bile acid production and biliary cholesterol secretion .
D-Allothreonine is the D type stereoisomer of Allothreonine. D-Allothreonine is a peptido-lipid derived from bacteria. D-Allothreonine, amide-linked to the D-galacturonic acid, is also a constituent in the polysaccharide .
D-Tyrosine is the D-isomer of tyrosine. D-Tyrosine negatively regulates melanin synthesis by inhibiting tyrosinase activity. D-Tyrosine inhibits biofilm formation and trigger the self-dispersal of biofilms without suppressing bacterial growth .
Methyl palmitoleate ((Z)-Methyl hexadec-9-enoate), a fatty acid methyl ester, is an analogue of Palmitoleate with cytoprotective and growth-promoting properties .
Ethyl linolenate is a fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE). Ethyl linolenate plays an active role in inhibition of the cellular production on melanin with an IC50 of 70 μM. Anti-melanogenesis Effects .
3-Feruloylquinic acid, a derivative of quinic acid-bound phenolic acid, shows antioxidant activity. 3-Feruloylquinic acid markedly enhances by high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and UV irradiances .
Norcholic acid is a normal minorbile C23 bile acid having four side chain and exsits in human urine and meconium. Norcholic acid can become prominent under certain pathological conditions. Norcholic acid is efficiently absorbed from intestine and quickly excreted into the bile but not into urine .
Isolithocholic acid (β-Lithocholic acid) is an isomer of Lithocholic acid. Isolithocholic acid, a bile acid, is formed by microbial metabolism of Lithocholic acid or Lithocholic acid 3α-sulfate .
10-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid disodium is a form of tetrahydrofolic acid that acts as a donor of formyl groups in anabolism. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid disodium can be used as a substrate for formyltransferase reactions and is involved in the biosynthesis of purines .
cis-Melilotoside, an o-Coumaric acid derivative, shows potent antioxidant activity. cis-Melilotoside has antiprotozoal activity moderately against T. cruzi with an IC50 of 78.2 ug/mL .
10-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid is a form of tetrahydrofolic acid that acts as a donor of formyl groups in anabolism. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid can be used as a substrate for formyltransferase reactions and is involved in the biosynthesis of purines .
Hyptadienic acid is a triterpene acid that can be isolated from the leaves of Perilla frutescens. Hyptadienic acid inhibits 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice with an ID50 value of 0.13 mg/ear. Hyptadienic acid can be used for the research of inflammation .
Palmitic acid sodium is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. Palmitic acid sodium can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells. Palmitic acid sodium is used to establish a cell steatosis model .
(5R)-Dinoprost is a metabolite produced by cyclooxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid. (5R)-Dinoprost (Prostaglandin F2β) induces dose-dependent release of hexose containing mucin .
Methylmalonyl-CoA (Methylmalonyl coenzyme A) tetralithium is a catabolite of valine, isoleucine, methionine, threonine, odd-chain fatty acids, and cholesterol. Methylmalonyl-CoA tetralithium is converted to succinyl-CoA by enzymatic reaction of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM) with coenzyme vitamin B12 .
Piperlotine D is an antiplatelet aggregation agent. Piperlotine D can be extracted from Piper lolot with antiplatelet aggregation activity. Piperlotine D inhibits arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 43.4 μg/mL .
L-Cystathionine (dihydrochloride) is a nonprotein thioether and is a key amino acid associated with the metabolic state of sulfur-containing amino acids. L-Cystathionine (dihydrochloride) protects against Homocysteine-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). L-Cystathionine (dihydrochloride) plays an important role in cardiovascular protection .
D-Glucaric acid tetrahydrate is the end-products of the D-glucuronic acid pathway in mammals. D-Glucaric acid tetrahydrate is also found in fruits and vegetables. D-Glucaric acid tetrahydrate can be used to reduce cholesterol and inhibits tumor development. D-Glucaric acid tetrahydrate also enhances human immunity and reduce cancer risks .
Tauro-β-muricholic acid (TβMCA) is a trihydroxylated bile acid. Tauro-β-muricholic acid is a competitive and reversible FXR antagonist (IC50 = 40 μM). Tauro-β-muricholic acid has antiapoptotic effect. Tauro-β-muricholic acid inhibits bile acid-induced hepatocellular apoptosis by maintaining the mitochondrial membrane potential .
Chebulanin, a polyphenol acid, exerts its anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects via inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK activation in collagen-induced arthritis mice. Chebulanin inhibits the nuclear translocation of p38 and p65 in LPS-stimulated macrophages .
Methylmalonyl coenzyme A (Methylmalonyl-CoA) is a catabolite of valine, isoleucine, methionine, threonine, odd-chain fatty acids, and cholesterol. Methylmalonyl coenzyme A tetralithium is converted to succinyl-CoA by enzymatic reaction of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM) with coenzyme vitamin B12 .
1β-Hydroxydeoxycholic acid (1β-OH-DCA), a secondary bile acid, is a CYP3A biomarker. Deoxycholic acid is specifically metabolized into 1β-Hydroxydeoxycholic acid by CYP3A4 and CYP3A7 using recombinant human CYP450 enzymes .
Penicisteck acid F (Compound 2) is a Marine derived tanzanic acid derivative that is a NF-κB inhibitor. Penicisteck acid F inhibits osteoclast expression by decreasing RANKL-induced IκBα degradation, NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, NFATc1 activation and nuclear translocation, and related mRNA expression. Penicisteck acid F can be used in osteoporosis research .
Petromyzonol (5α-Petromyzonol) is a tetrahydroxy stearol produced by the bile of sea lamprey larvae from the bile acid precursor acetylcholic acid. Petromyzonol sulfate acts as a pheromone and oviposition chemical attractant .
2'-Hydroxyflavanone is a flavanone that can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and reduce inflammation. 2'-Hydroxyflavanone shows inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation caused by two inducers with IC50s 47.8 μM arachidonic acid (AA) and 147.2 μM aenosine diphosphate (ADP) .
Termitomycamide E is a fatty acid amide that can suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress. Termitomycamide E shows significant protective activity against T. titanicus-toxicity .
L-Carnitine ((R)-Carnitine), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .
Secaubryenol is a class of 3,4-secocycloartane triterpenes isolated from Coussarea macrophylla. Secaubryenol does not display any cytotoxic effect at a dose of 10 µg/mL .
Phytic acid sodium salt (myo-Inositol; hexakis dihydrogen phosphate; Inositol hexaphosphat) is often present in legume seeds with antinutritional effects. Phytic acid sodium salt is a [PO4] 3- storage depot and precursor for other inositol phosphates and pyrophosphates. phytic acid is hydrolyzed by phytases in a stepwise manner in the plant .
L-Asparagine monohydrate ((-)-Asparagine monohydrate) is a non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue.
Trimyristin, an active molluscicidal component of Myristica fragrans Houtt, significantly inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP/ALP) activities in the nervous tissue of Lymnaea acuminata. IC50s of Trimyristin against AChE, ACP, and ALP are 0.11, 0.16 and 0.18 mM, respectively .
Purpurogallin carboxylic acid, isolated from Macleaya microcarpa (Maxim.) Fedde, is an oxidation product of gallic acid in fermented tea. Purpurogallin carboxylic acid has anti-cancer activity .
trans-4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid is a substrate for cyclohexanecarboxylic acid production. trans-4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid is the by-product of intestinal bacterial metabolism via urinary excretion .
3-Methoxyphenylacetic acid (m-Methoxyphenylacetic acid), a m-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (m-OHPAA) derivative, is a phytotoxin in Rhizoctonia solani. 3-Methoxyphenylacetic acid is used to develop a toxin-mediated bioassay for resistance to rhizoctonia root rot .
D-kynurenine, a metabolite of D-tryptophan, can serve as the bioprecursor of kynurenic acid (KYNA) and 3-hydroxykynurenine. D-Kynurenine is an agonist for G protein-coupled receptor, GPR109B. D-Kynurenine is a substrate in a fluorometric assay of D-amino acid oxidase. D-kynurenine promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) .
Quisqualic acid (L-Quisqualic acid), a natural analog of glutamate, is a potent and pan two subsets (iGluR and mGluR) of excitatory amino acid (EAA) agonist with an EC50 of 45 nM and a Ki of 10 nM for mGluR1R. Quisqualic acid is isolated from the fruits of Quisqualis indica .
5-Hydroxyferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid and is a metabolite of the phenylpropanoid pathway. 5-Hydroxyferulic acid is a precursor in the biosynthesis of sinapic acid and is also a COMT non-esterifed substrate .
9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid is an oxidation product of oleic acid. 9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid can improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in KKAy mice .
12S-HHT (12(S)-HHTrE) is an enzymatic product of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) derived from cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism. 12S-HHT is an endogenous ligand for BLT2 that fully activates BLT2 in vivo. 12S-HHT suppresses UV-induced IL-6 synthesis in keratinocytes, exerting an anti-inflammatory activity .
(S)-Coriolic acid (13(S)-HODE), the product of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) metabolism of linoleic acid, functions as the endogenous ligand to activate PPARγ. (S)-Coriolic acid is an important intracellular signal agent and is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in various biological systems. (S)-Coriolic acid induces mitochondrial dysfunction and airway epithelial injury .
Yamogenin (Neodiosgenin) is a diastereomer of diosgenin. Yamogenin (Neodiosgenin) antagonizes the activation of the liver X receptor (LXR) in luciferase ligand assay. Yamogenin (Neodiosgenin) inhibits triacylglyceride (TG) accumulation through the suppression of gene expression of fatty acid synthesis in HepG2 hepatocytes .
Penicolinate A is a picolinic acid derivative. Penicolinate A is isolated from endophytic Penicillium sp. BCC16054. Penicolinate A exhibits antimalarial and antitubercular activities .
3,4-Methylenedioxycinnamic acid is an inhibitor of the phenylpropanoid enzyme 4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA ligase. 3,4-Methylenedioxycinnamic acid increases the formation of soluble phenolics in particular of vanillic acid .
Ganoderic acid R is a potent anticancer agent. Ganoderic acid R inhibits the growth by inducing apoptosis on tumor cell line. Ganoderic acid R possesses significant cytotoxicity on a multidrug resistance (MDR) tumor cell line (KB-A-1/Dox) and a sensitive tumor cell line (KB-A-1) .
4,5-O-Dicaffeoyl quinic acid methyl ester (compound 4), a dicaffeoylquinic acid, has potent antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) with an IC50 of 0.63 μg/mL and a CC50 of 118.68 μg/mL.
2-Heptyl-4-quinolone is an intermediate in the synthesis of the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) that controls swarming by positively regulating phenazine production. 2-Heptyl-4-quinolone induces the production of the phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) .
N,N′-Diferuloylputrescine is a inhibitor of pigmentation with 57% reduction. N,N′-Diferuloylputrescine significantly reduces the protein level of MITF. N,N′-Diferuloylputrescine has strong antioxidant activities as radical scavengers against reactive oxygen species .
10,11-EDT, a soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) substrate, is a metabolic product of adrenic acid. 10,11-EDT is an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor with strong vasorelaxant effects .
Methyl 12-oxooctadecanoate is a fatty acid that can be isolated from the pulp of Livistona decipiens (Palmae), which has anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-ulcer activities .
9S-HODE (Alpha-dimorphecolic acid) is an octadecadienoic acid and the main active derivative of linoleic acid, which can reduce the viability of HL-60 cells and induce apoptosis. 9S-HODE is rich in lipid peroxidation (LPO) products and is almost an ideal marker for LPO .
Lipoamide ((±)-α-Lipoamide) is a monocarboxylic acid derivative of a neutral amide, formed by the condensation of the carboxyl group of lipoic acid and ammonia. Lipoamide protects against oxidative stress-mediated neuronal cell damage and also acts as a coenzyme to transfer acetyl groups and hydrogen during pyruvate deacylation. Lipoamide also stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes through the endothelial NO synthase-cGMP-protein kinase G signaling pathway .
Guanine is one of the fundamental components of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Guanine is a purine derivative, consisting of a fused pyrimidine-imidazole ring system with conjugated double bonds. Guanine has the potential to serve as a large-capacity N pool .
Arachidonic acid (Immunocytophyt) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. Arachidonic acid also acts as the substrate for various lipid mediators, such as prostaglandins (PGs). Arachidonic acid improves cognitive response and cardiovascular function .
Sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate, a bile acid, is an amphiphilic surfactant molecule synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. Sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate activates the S1PR2 pathway in addition to the TGR5 pathway .
Taurodeoxycholic acid sodium hydrate (Sodium taurodeoxycholate monohydrate), a bile acid, is an amphiphilic surfactant molecule synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. Taurodeoxycholic acid sodium hydrate activates the S1PR2 pathway in addition to the TGR5 pathway .
Ectoine is a natural cell protectant, an amino acid derivate produced by bacteria living under extremely harsh environmental conditions. Ectoine serves as an osmoregulatory compatible solute, increasing the hydration of the skin surface and stabilizing lipid layers, which is useful in skincare. Ectoine demonstrates a good safety profile for the treatment of allergic rhinitis .
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is the triglycerides and esters prepared from fractionated vegetable oil sources and fatty acids from coconuts and palm kernel oils. Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride possesses excellent oxidation stability. Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used as a food additive and used in cosmetics .
(-)-Hydroxycitric acid (Garcinia acid) is the principal acid of fruit rinds of Garcinia cambogia. (-)-Hydroxycitric acid is a potent and competitive and orally active inhibitor of ATP citrate lyase. (-)-Hydroxycitric acid suppresses the fatty acid synthesis, lipogenesis, food intake, and induced weight loss .
3-Oxocholic acid is an oxo-bile acid metabolite and also a major degradation product from cholic by C. perfringens in the intestine. 3-Oxocholic acid is steroid acid found predominantly in bile of mammals .
Glycohyodeoxycholic acid is a major metabolite of Hyodeoxycholic acid in humans. Glycohyodeoxycholic acid has preventative effects on gallstone formation .
DL-Tyrosine is an aromatic nonessential amino acid synthesized from the essential amino acid phenylalanine. DL-Tyrosine is a precursor for several important neurotransmitters (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine) .
β-Amyrenonol (11-Oxo-β-amyrin), an oleanolic-type triterpenoid in licorice roots, is a precursor of Glycyrrhetinic acid. β-Amyrenonol has anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities, and β-Amyrenonol could function as the skeleton for the synthesis of many triterpenoids .
Polyporusterone A is a triterpene carboxylic acid isolated from Polyporus umbellatus Fries. Polyporusterone A has inhibitory effect on free radical-induced lysis of red blood cells (hemolysis) .
Polyporusterone B is a triterpene carboxylic acid isolated from Polyporus umbellatus Fries. Polyporusterone B has inhibitory effect on free radical-induced lysis of red blood cells (hemolysis) .
Gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-Glutamylcysteine), a dipeptide containing cysteine and glutamic acid, is a precursor to glutathione (GSH). Gamma-glutamylcysteine is a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase (GPx) to increase GSH levels .
Dihomo-γ-Linolenic acid is an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid that is mainly metabolized to an anti-inflammatory eicosanoid, prostaglandin (PG) E1, via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects .
Protectin D1, neuroprotectin D1 when generated by neural cells, is a member of a new family of bioactive products generated from docosahexaenoic acid. Protectin D1 is also a specialized pro-resolving mediator with potent pro-resolving and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo in several human disease models .
Djenkolic acid is a sulfur-containing non-protein amino acid naturally found in the djenkol beans of the Southeast Asian plant Archidendron jiringa. Djenkolic Acid often causes renal injury, including hypersensitivity to or a direct toxic effect of a djenkol bean metabolite, resulting in acute kidney injury and/or urinary tract obstruction by djenkolic acid crystals, sludge, and/or possible ureteral spasms .
Methyl 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzoate is a gallic acid derivant isolated from myricaria Laxiflora. Methyl 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzoate shows obvious antimicrobial activities. Methyl 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzoate shows fairly active for oxidation resistance in the presence of H2O2 .
Orsellinic acid is a compound produced by Lecanoric acid treated with alcohols. Lecanoric acid is a lichen depside isolated from a Parmotrema tinctorum specimen .
Dihydroaltenuene B is a potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 38.33 µM. Dihydroaltenuene B shows the hydrogen bonding interactions between the 3-OH and 4’-OH and the His244, Met280 and Gly281 residues of tyrosinase .
Propionyl coenzyme A lithium, a coenzyme A derivative of propionic acid, is an important metabolic intermediate formed by the thioester bond between coenzyme A and propionic acid. The breakdown and production of Propionyl coenzyme A lithim is important for the metabolism of organisms .
Allolithocholic acid is a steroid acid could found in normal serum and feces. Allolithocholic acid facilitates excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver .
1-Palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid is a lysophosphatidic acid that causes concentration-dependent aggregation of human platelets. 1-Palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid causes changes in platelet shape, pseudopod development, and particle concentration. 1-Palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid may induce platelet aggregation by stimulating the release of intracellular Ca .
Artepillin C has gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor and choleretic activity. Artepillin C can be isolated from Brazilian green propolis .
(+)-Osbeckic acid is a vasorelaxatant that can be isolated from Tartary Buckwheat. (+)-Osbeckic acid has a potent vasorelaxant effect in Sprague-Dawley rat thoracic aorta rings with an EC50 of 887 μM .
(±)-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride is a fatty acid metabolite that breaks down fatty acids into energy that can be used by the body. (±)-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride also serves as a specific and easily detectable biomarker for rat skeletal muscle toxicity. Cerivastatin (HY-129458) and TMPD (HY-W012145) induce an increase in Hexanoylcarnitine in rats in a metabolomic analysis of the rectus femoris muscle. In type 2 diabetes, Hexanoylcarnitine is also significantly associated with and improves prediction of all-cause mortality. Hexanoylcarnitine is a biomarker for the identification of novel pathogenic pathways .
Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (EPA ethyl ester) is an orally active ω-3 fatty acid agent. Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester could improve the activity of liver β-oxidase in vitro, reduce the level of liver total triglyceride, increase the content of liver triglyceride and phospholipid ω-3 fatty acid, and increase the total ω-3 fatty acid level in rats .
Sesamin, abundant lignan found in sesame oil, is a potent and selective delta 5 desaturase inhibitor in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Sesamin exerts effective neuroprotection against cerbral ischemia .
α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer .
7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one is an intermediate in synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol. 7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one is a pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonist. 7α-Hydroxy-cholest-4-en-3-one is a biomarker for bile acid loss, irritable bowel syndrome, and other diseases associated with defective bile acid biosynthesis. 7α-Hydroxy-cholest-4-en-3-one is the physiological substrate for CYP8B1 .
12-Ketodeoxycholic acid (12-Ketolithocholic acid) is a bile acid, metabolite from kidney. 12-Ketodeoxycholic acid can be a detectable marker for evidence of kidney injury
D-Cysteine is the D-isomer of cysteine and a powerful inhibitor of Escherichia coli growth. D-cysteine is mediated by D-amino acid oxidase to produce H2S and is a neuroprotectant against cerebellar ataxias. D-Cysteine could inhibit the growth and cariogenic virulence of dual-species biofilms formed by S. mutans and S. sanguinis .
Methyl oleanonate is a natural triterpene PPARγ agonist isolated from the species of Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia . Methyl oleanonate is a modified oleanolic acid derivative with anti-cancer effects .
1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol is a diacylglycerol (DAG) containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. 1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol can activate PKC. 1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol also can augment nonselective cation channel (NSCC) activity .
(±)9-HpODE is a long chain lipid hydroperoxide, is a product of linoleic acid peroxidation. (±)9-HpODE can induce oxidation of intracellular glutathione (GSH). (±)9-HpODE also exhibits antimicrobial activity against various fungal and bacterial pathogens .
2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone is the electron transfer mediator. 2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone changes glucose metabolism of the homofermentative lactic acid bacteria .
Homocarnosine TFA is a dipeptide of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine unique to brain. Homocarnosine TFA is an inhibitory neuromodulator synthesized in the neuron from GABA and exhibiting anticonvulsant effects . Homocarnosine TFA has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, prevention of DNA damage, and inhibition of advanced glycation end-product formation .
Lecanoric acid is a histidine-decarboxylase inhibitor isolated from fungus. The inhibition by lecanoric acid is competitive with histidineand noncompetitive with pyridoxal phosphate. Lecanoric acid did not inhibit aromatic amino acid decarboxylase .
12-Oxograndiflorenic acid is a natural product that can be isolated from vegetative Ambrosia hispida. Synonyms is ent-12-oxokaura-9(11),16-dien-19-oic acid .
Oct-1-en-3-ol, a fatty acid fragrant, is a self-stimulating oxylipin messenger. Oct-1-en-3-ol serves as a signaling molecule in plant cellular responses, plant-herbivore interactions, and plant-plant interactions. Oct-1-en-3-ol causes dopamine neuron degeneration through disruption of dopamine handling .
(±)-Pantothenic acid ((±)-Pantothenate), a B-vitamin, is an essential vitamin required for the biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) in mammalian cells. Pantothenic acid has protective activity against valproic acid (VPA)-induced neural tube defects (NTD) in CD-1 mice .
Nostosin G is a unique example of a linear peptide containing three subunits, 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (Hpla), homotyrosine (Hty), and argininal. Nostosin G has potent trypsin inhibitory property with an IC50 value of 0.1 μM .
Rosamultic acid is an A-ring contracted triterpene, that can be isolated from the roots of Rosa rnultiflora. Rosamultic acid inhibits gastric cancer cells proliferation by inducing apoptosis mediated through cell cycle arrest, downregulation of cell cycle related protein expressions, inhibition of cell migration, DNA damage, and activation of caspases .
Jasmonic acid ((-)-Jasmonic acid) is a plant growth regulator and a derivative of α-Linolenic acid (HY-N0728). Jasmonic acid signaling can also induce the MAP kinase cascade pathway, calcium channel, and many processes that interact with signaling molecules .
Kaempferol 3-O-(2'',4''-di-acetyl-3''-cis-p-coumaroyl-6''-trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside is a flavonoid compound that can be isolated from Quercus dentata. Kaempferol 3-O-(2'',4''-di-acetyl-3''-cis-p-coumaroyl-6''-trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside suppresses the superoxide generation induced by arachidonic acid .
Acetoacetyl CoA is the precursor of HMG-CoA in the mevalonate pathway. Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase catalyzes the reaction to form acetoacetyl-CoA from two acetyl-CoA molecules. Acetoacetyl CoA is essential for cholesterol biosynthesis. Acetoacetyl-CoA is also a intermediate in the biological breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids .
L-Cystathionine is a nonprotein thioether and is a key amino acid associated with the metabolic state of sulfur-containing amino acids. L-Cystathionine protects against Homocysteine-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). L-Cystathionine plays an important role in cardiovascular protection .
L-Canaline is a nonprotein amino acid stored in many leguminous plants. L-Canaline is a cytotoxic metabolite catalyzed by L-canavanine and its arginase. L-Canaline is a potent and irreversible inhibitor of ornithine aminotransferase. L-Canaline inhibits the growth of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum with an IC50 of 297 nM. L-Canaline has anticancer and antiproliferative effects .
L-Carnitine hydrochloride ((R)-Carnitine hydrochloride), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine hydrochloride functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine hydrochloride is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine hydrochloride can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .
Lactobionic acid is a bionic acid naturally found in the Caspian Sea yogurt and chemically constituted of a gluconic acid bonded to a galactose. Lactobionic acid has antioxidant, antimicrobial, chelating, stabilizer, acidulant, and moisturizing properties .
DL-Methionine is an essential amino acid containing sulfur with oxidative stress defense effects. DL-Methionine can be used for animal natural feed. DL-Methionine also kills H. rostochiensis on potato plants .
Magnesium Lithospermate B, a derivative of caffeic acid tetramer, and is extracted from Salviae miltiorrhizae. Magnesium Lithospermate B is widely used for the research of cardiovascular diseases, and it can protect against glucose-induced intracellular oxidative damage. Magnesium Lithospermate B also suppresses neuroinflammation and attenuates neurodegeneration .
CMP-Sialic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) sodium salt is an allosteric inhibitor of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase. CMP-Sialic acid sodium salt provides a substrate for Golgi sialyltransferases. CMP-Sialic acid sodium salt is an important sugar nucleotide for biosynthesis of sialic acid and its conjugates .
Taurohyodeoxycholic acid is the tauroconjugated form of Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA, a dihydroxylated natural bile acid). Taurohyodeoxycholic acid induces a biliary phospholipid secretion and suggests a hepatoprotective potential. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid also can promote gallstone dissolution .
HA Peptide (TFA) is a nine amino acids peptide derived from the human influenza hemagglutinin (HA). HA Peptide (TFA) is extensively used to isolate, purify, detect, and track the protein of interest in cell biology and biochemistry .
Orotidine 5'-monophosphate trisodium is a pyrimidine nucleotide. Orotidine 5'-monophosphate trisodium is synthesized via the de novo synthesis pathway for DNA synthesis in a large number of microorganisms including M. tuberculosis, S. cerevisiae, S. typhimurium and P. falciparum to name a few. The synthesis of orotidine 5'-monophosphate trisodium uses phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) and orotic acid (OA) as the substrates catalyzed by orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) .
Trihydroxycholestanoic acid is an endogenous metabolite present in Blood that can be used for the research of Zellweger Syndrome, Refsum Disease, D Bifunctional Protein Deficiency and Infantile Refsum Disease .
CMP-Sialic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) is an allosteric inhibitor of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase. CMP-Sialic acid provides a substrate for Golgi sialyltransferases. CMP-Sialic acid is an important sugar nucleotide for biosynthesis of sialic acid and its conjugates .
Linoleyl carnitine is an acylcarnitine used to study long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and fatty acid oxidation disorders in fibroblasts .
(Z)-2-decenoic acid (cis-2-Decenoic acid) is an unsaturated fatty acid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (Z)-2-decenoic acid induces a dispersion response in biofilms formed by a range of gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa, and by gram-positive bacteria. (Z)-2-decenoic acid inhibits biofilm development .
Ganoderic acid F is a ganoderic acid. Ganoderic acid F exhibits antitumor and antimetastatic activities through inhibition of angiogenesis and alteration of proteins involving cell proliferation and/or cell death, carcinogenesis, oxidative stress, calcium signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum stress .
Stearyl glycyrrhetinate, a major component in licorice extract, has a MIC against S. aureus strains of more than 256 mg/L. Stearyl glycyrrhetinate has antibacterial effects .
Sterculic acid is a stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) inhibitor. Sterculic acid specifically inhibits the delta-9 desaturase (Δ9D) activity with an IC50 value of 0.9 μM .
9AzNue5Ac, 9-azido-9-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid, is a click chemistry reagent and a Neu5Ac analogue with the substitution of 9-hydroxyl group with an azide. 9AzNue5Ac could be metabolized and incorporated into sialoglycans in living cells and mice. Click chemistry has great potential for use in binding between nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and other molecules, and has been used in many research fields because of its beneficial characteristics, including high yield, high specificity, and simplicity .
Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a prostanoid mediator produced by the metabolism of Arachidonic acid (HY-109590) through the cyclooxygenase pathway. Thromboxane A2 activates the thromboxane-prostanoid (TP) receptors. Thromboxane A2 is a potent vasoconstrictor eicosanoid. Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) leads to potent vasoconstriction by stimulation of smooth muscle cells. Thromboxane A2 acts as s tonic immunoregulator to regulate adaptive immune responses .
Oleanolic aldehyde is an antimicrobial compound used to inhibit oral bacteria. Oleanolic aldehyde inhibits Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, which are associated with dental caries and periodontal disease, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 488 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL, respectively .
Apramycin (EBL 1003) is an orally active, acidic pH tolerant and aminoglycoside-modifying-enzymes-tolerant aminoglycoside antibiotic which inhibits protein biosynthesis by targeting the bacterial ribosome. Apramycin is a potential anti-drug-resistance antibiotic .
Ermanin is a flavonoid isolated from Tanacetum microphyllum. Ermanin potently inhibits iNOS, COX-2 activities, and inhibits platelet aggregation. Ermanin has anti-inflammatory, anti-tuberculous and anti-viral/bacterial properties .
Asimilobine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from plant species of Magnolia obobata Thun. Asimilobine is a dopamine biosynthesis inhibitor and a serotonergic receptor antagonist. Asimilobine shows an antimalarial and anti-cancer activity .
Thielavin A is an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis produced by Thielavia terricola. Thielavin A specifically inhibits the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin H2. Thielavin A has no anti-inflammatory activity on intravenous injection or on oral administration .
Pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate is the active form of vitamin B6 bound to phosphoric acid. Pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate is the aminated form of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrate (HY-W011727A) and as co-factor of a variety of enzymes central metabolite, potent antioxidant, vitamin B6 vitamer and enzyme substrate. Pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate can be interconverted with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrate .
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (12-Deoxycholyltaurine) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid induces apoptosis and shows obvious anti-inflammatory and immune regulation properties .
Dehydroabietic acid is a diterpene resin acid that can be isolated from Pinus and Picea. Dehydroabietic acid has anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Dehydroabietic acid is a dual PPAR-α/γ agonist and PPAR-γ partial agonist, which can attenuate insulin resistance (IR) and hepatic steatosis induced by HFD-consumption in mice .
Glycolithocholic acid (Lithocholylglycine), an endogenous metabolite, is a glycine-conjugated secondary bile acid. Glycolithocholic acid can be used to diagnose ulcerative colitis (UC), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) .
Cytidine 5′-triphosphate (Cytidine triphosphate; 5'-CTP) is a nucleoside triphosphate and serves as a building block for nucleotides and nucleic acids, lipid biosynthesis. Cytidine triphosphate synthase can catalyze the formation of cytidine 5′-triphosphate from uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate is an essential biomolecule in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in T. gondii .
Cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside is the main anthocyanin in purple-fleshed sweet potato and affects the antioxidant activity of purple-fleshed sweet potato .
Trisdecanoin (Tricaprin; Glyceryl tridecanoate) is an orally available precursor of decanoic acid (DA precursor) that can be hydrolyzed to decanoic acid. Trisdecanoin and its metabolite capric acid not only provide the body with a quick source of energy, but can also affect lipid metabolism. Trisdecanoin is a major component of medium chain triglycerides (MCT), which has preventive or inhibitory properties for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), inhibition of cardiovascular disease, and anti-androgen (NSAA) and anti-hyperglycemic properties. Trisdecanoin can be used as an additive in food, medicine and cosmetics .
OMDM-6 is a hybrid agonist of vanilloid receptor type 1 (VR1, TRPV1) (EC50=75 nM) and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) (Ki=3.2 μM). OMDM-6 inhibits anandamide cellular uptake (ACU) with a Ki of 7.0 μM .
OMDM-5 is a selective inhibitor of anandamide cellular uptake (ACU), with a Ki of 4.8 μM. OMDM-5 is also a potent vanilloid receptor type 1 (VR1, TRPV1) agonist, with an EC50 of 75 nM, and shows weakly active as cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) ligand (Ki=4.9 μM) .
Lactate (Lactic acid) is a hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) activator and an epigenetic modulator inducing lysine residues lactylation. Lactate is a glycolysis end-product, bridging the gap between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Lactate is an oncometabolite and has immune protective role of lactate in anti-tumor immunity .
L-Tryptophan (Tryptophan) is an orally active and essential amino acid that is the precursor of serotonin, melatonin, and vitamin B3. L-Tryptophan can promote an increase in stemness and osteogenic ability of BMSCs in vitro and in vivo. L-Tryptophan inhibits cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest with high levels .
Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) is an orally active Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 LC-PUFA). Eicosapentaenoic Acid exhibits a DNA demethylating action that promotes the re-expression of the tumor suppressor gene CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ). Eicosapentaenoic Acid activates RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway through H-Ras intron 1 CpG island demethylation in U937 leukemia cells. Eicosapentaenoic Acid can promote relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vasodilation .
Litorin, an amphibian bombesin peptide derivative, is an bombesin receptor agonist. Litorin stimulates the contraction of smooth muscle, stimulates gastrin, gastric acid, and pancreatic secretion, and suppresses the nutriment in vivo .
Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)sodium is an orally active Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 LC-PUFA). Eicosapentaenoic Acid sodium exhibits a DNA demethylating action that promotes the re-expression of the tumor suppressor gene CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ). Eicosapentaenoic Acid sodium activates RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway through H-Ras intron 1 CpG island demethylation in U937 leukemia cells. Eicosapentaenoic Acid sodium can promote relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vasodilation .
Spectinomycin dihydrochloride is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and inhibits the growth of a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Spectinomycin dihydrochloride acts by selectively targeting to the bacterial ribosome and interrupting protein synthesis. Spectinomycin dihydrochloride is also a noncompetitive inhibitor of td intron RNA with an Ki value of 7.2 mM - .
(10E,12E)-9-Oxo-10,12-octadecadienoic acid (9-oxo-ODA) is a PPARα agonist that can be isolated from the basidiomycete Gomphus floccosus. (10E,12E)-9-Oxo-10,12-octadecadienoic acid enhances fatty acid oxidation through PPARα activation, thereby inhibiting triglyceride accumulation. (10E,12E)-9-Oxo-10,12-octadecadienoic acid also has antifungal (Fungal) activity .
Aphidicolin is an inhibitor of DNA polymerase α and δ, prevents mitotic cell division by interfering DNA polymerase activity. Aphidicolin is an antibiotic produced by mold Cephalosporium aphidicola, inhibits cellular deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and the growth of herpes simplex virus. Aphidicolin exhibits anti-orthopoxvirus activity and potentiates apoptosis induced by arabinosyl nucleosides in a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line .
L-Cystine dihydrochloride can be used as a cell culture component and is a sulfur-containing precursor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. L-Cystine dihydrochloride homeostasis is also important for GSH functions .
L-Cysteine S-sulfate is a potent N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamatergic receptor agonist. L-Cysteine S-sulfate is the substrate for cystine lyase, and can be used in mass spectrometry operations .
D-Ala-D-Ala constitutes the terminus of the peptide part of the peptidoglycan monomer unit and is involved in the transpeptidation reaction as the substrate. D-Ala-D-Ala is catalyzed by D-Alanine-D-Alanine ligase. D-Ala-D-Ala is a bacterial endogenous metabolite .
Selenocystine is a broad-spectrum anti-cancer agent. Selenocystine induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells, particularly in the form of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Selenocystine exhibits great promise as a therapeutic or adjuvant agent targeting DNA repair for cancer treatment .
Docosahexaenoyl glycine is a PUFA analogue. Docosahexaenoyl glycine has activating effects on IKs?channels?and restore the function of IKs?channels with LQT1 mutation .
Propionyl-L-carnitine is a carnitine derivative and has a high affinity for muscular carnitine transferase. Propionyl-L-carnitine increases cellular carnitine content, thereby allowing free fatty acid transport into the mitochondria. Propionyl-L-carnitine alleviates the symptoms of PAD through a metabolic pathway, thereby improving exercise performance .
2-(Methylamino)benzoic acid is the main metabolite of methyl-N-methylanthranilates (MMA) (HY-76705) and is the compound in which the ester group is converted. MMA can be isolated from citrus fruits and has potential analgesic activity. 2-(Methylamino)benzoic acid was used to detect the metabolic levels of MMA in rat liver .
NS3 protease Protein is a zinc-dependent serine protease. NS3 needs to bind to the viral protein NS4A to enable additional conformation changes that enhance activity and appropriate intracellular localization. NS3 protein induces Caspase-8-mediated apoptosis independently of its protease or helicase activity. NS3 protease Protein, HCV (GST) is the recombinant Virus-derived NS3 protease protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-GST labeled tag. The total length of NS3 protease Protein, HCV (GST) is 104 a.a., with molecular weight of ~37.9 kDa.
VSTM2A Protein, a key player in early white and brown preadipocyte differentiation, actively promotes adipogenic commitment by upregulating the transcription factor PPARG. This regulatory role operates within a BMP4-dependent signaling pathway, highlighting intricate molecular mechanisms in differentiation. Additionally, VSTM2A functions as a homodimer, suggesting involvement in complex protein-protein interactions critical for its regulatory activities. VSTM2A Protein, Human ( E84K, HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived VSTM2A protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag and E84K mutation. The total length of VSTM2A Protein, Human ( E84K, HEK293, His) is 220 a.a., with molecular weight of 38-40 kDa.
The hemagglutinin HA1 protein is essential for attachment of virions to host cells by binding to sialic acid-containing receptors, inducing virion internalization via clathrin-dependent or clathrin- and caveolin-independent pathways. As a class I viral fusion protein, HA1 determines host range restriction and virulence, mediating fusion between the virion membrane and the endosomal membrane. HA/Hemagglutinin Protein, H3N2 ( EPI189220, sf9, His) is the recombinant Virus-derived HA/Hemagglutinin protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of HA/Hemagglutinin Protein, H3N2 ( EPI189220, sf9, His) is 530 a.a., with molecular weight of ~59.2 kDa.
L-Valine-d8 is a deuterated form of L-Valine. L-Valine-d8 can be used in the labelled synthesis of L-valineamide-d8 intermediate[1]. L-Valine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. L-Valine is an essential amino acid[2].
Tiaprofenic acid-d3 is a deuterium labeled Tiaprofenic acid. Tiaprofenic acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) mainly used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases[1].
Salicylic acid- 13C6 is the 13C-labeled Salicylic acid (HY-B0167). Salicylic acid is a precursor to and a metabolite of Aspirin (HY-14654), can inhibit cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity[1][2].
Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-d4 is a deuterium labeled Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (HY-W018392). Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is a major bioactive metabolite of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can promote fatty acid synthesis in hepatocytes by regulating the expression of relevant genes and proteins, contributing to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) .
L-Asparagine-13C4,15N2 ((-)-Asparagine-13C4,15N2) is the 13C and 15N-labeled L-Aspartic acid. L-Aspartic acid is an amino acid, shown to be a suitable pro-agent for colon-specific drug delivery .
Quinolinic acid-13C4, 15N is an isotopic labeled Quinolinic acid (HY-100807). Quinolinic acid is an endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist and has the potential of mediating NMDA neuronal damage and dysfunction .
DL-Isocitric acid- 13C4 (trisodium salt) is a 13C labeled DL-Isocitric acid (trisodium salt) (HY-W009362). DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt is an endogenous metabolite. DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt is a substrate in the citric acid cycle. DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt can be used as a marker for determining the composition of isocitrates in fruit products, including fruit juices.
Photo-DL-lysine-d2 is the deuterium labeled Photo-DL-lysine (HY-D2283). Photo-DL-lysine is a DL-lysine-based photo-reactive amino acid, captures proteins that bind lysine post-translational modifications .
Photo-lysine-d2 is the deuterium labeled Photo-lysine. Photo-lysine is a DL-lysine-based photo-reactive amino acid, captures proteins that bind lysine post-translational modifications .
Photo-lysine-d2-1 is the deuterium labeled Photo-lysine. Photo-lysine is a DL-lysine-based photo-reactive amino acid, captures proteins that bind lysine post-translational modifications .
Sulfamonomethoxine-d4 is a deuterium labeled Sulfamonomethoxine. Sulfamonomethoxine is a long acting sulfonamide antibacterial agent, used in blood kinetic studies,and blocks the synthesis of folic acid by inhibiting synthetase of dihydropteroate[1].
Glycolithocholic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Glycolithocholic acid. Glycolithocholic acid, an endogenous metabolite, is a glycine-conjugated secondary bile acid and can be used to diagnose ulcerative colitis (UC), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) [1][2][3][4].
Benzoic acid-d5 is a deuterium substitute for Benzoic acid. Benzoic acid is an aromatic alcohol that occurs naturally in many plants and is a common additive in food, beverages, cosmetics and other products. Benzoic acid can act as a preservative by inhibiting bacteria and fungi[1][2].
dGTP- 13C10 (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate- 13C10) dilithium is 13C-labeled dGTP (HY-138616). dGTP (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate), a guanosine nucleotide, can be used in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Guanosine nucleotides (GDP, GTP, dGDP, and dGTP) are highly susceptible to oxidative damage to 8-oxo-GDP (8-O-GDP), 8-O-dGTP, 8-O-GTP, and 8-O-dGTP.
dGTP- 13C10, 15N5 (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate- 13C10, 15N5) dilithium is 13C and 15N-labeled dGTP (HY-138616). dGTP (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate), a guanosine nucleotide, can be used in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Guanosine nucleotides (GDP, GTP, dGDP, and dGTP) are highly susceptible to oxidative damage to 8-oxo-GDP (8-O-GDP), 8-O-dGTP, 8-O-GTP, and 8-O-dGTP.
dGTP- 15N5 (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate- 15N5) dilithium is 15N labeled dGTP (HY-138616). dGTP (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate), a guanosine nucleotide, can be used in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Guanosine nucleotides (GDP, GTP, dGDP, and dGTP) are highly susceptible to oxidative damage to 8-oxo-GDP (8-O-GDP), 8-O-dGTP, 8-O-GTP, and 8-O-dGTP.
dGTP- 15N5,d14 (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate- 15N5,d14) dilithium is deuterium and 15N labeled dGTP (HY-138616). dGTP (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate), a guanosine nucleotide, can be used in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Guanosine nucleotides (GDP, GTP, dGDP, and dGTP) are highly susceptible to oxidative damage to 8-oxo-GDP (8-O-GDP), 8-O-dGTP, 8-O-GTP, and 8-O-dGTP.
dGTP-d14 (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate-d14) dilithium is deuterium labeled dGTP (HY-138616). dGTP (2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate), a guanosine nucleotide, can be used in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Guanosine nucleotides (GDP, GTP, dGDP, and dGTP) are highly susceptible to oxidative damage to 8-oxo-GDP (8-O-GDP), 8-O-dGTP, 8-O-GTP, and 8-O-dGTP.
D-(-)-Lactic acid-13C ((R)-2-Hydroxypropionic acid-13C) is a 13C-labeled D-Lactic acid. D-(-)-Lactic acid-13C can be used as an internal standard and can also be used in studies such as metabolic tracing.
Phenylacetylglutamine-d5 is the deuterium labeled Phenylacetylglutamine. Phenylacetylglutamine is a colonic microbial metabolite from amino acid fermentation[1].
Baclofen-d4 is the deuterium labeled Baclofen. Baclofen, a lipophilic derivative of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is an orally active, selective metabotropic GABAB receptor (GABABR) agonist. Baclofen mimics the action of GABA and produces slow presynaptic inhibition through the GABAB receptor. Baclofen has high blood brain barrier penetrance. Baclofen has the potential for muscle spasticity research[1][2][3].
Cytidine-5'-triphosphate- 13C,d1 (Cytidine triphosphate- 13C,d1 dilithium; 5'-CTP- 13C,d1) dilithium is deuterium and 13C-labeled Cytidine-5'-triphosphate (HY-125818). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate (Cytidine triphosphate; 5'-CTP) is a nucleoside triphosphate and serves as a building block for nucleotides and nucleic acids, lipid biosynthesis. Cytidine triphosphate synthase can catalyze the formation of cytidine 5′-triphosphate from uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate is an essential biomolecule?in the de novo?pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in?T. gondii.
Cytidine-5'-triphosphate- 13C9 (Cytidine triphosphate- 13C9 dilithium; 5'-CTP- 13C9) dilithium is 13C-labeled Cytidine-5'-triphosphate (HY-125818). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate (Cytidine triphosphate; 5'-CTP) is a nucleoside triphosphate and serves as a building block for nucleotides and nucleic acids, lipid biosynthesis. Cytidine triphosphate synthase can catalyze the formation of cytidine 5′-triphosphate from uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate is an essential biomolecule?in the de novo?pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in?T. gondii.
Cytidine-5'-triphosphate- 15N3 (Cytidine triphosphate- 15N3 dilithium; 5'-CTP- 15N3) dilithium is 15N labeled Cytidine-5'-triphosphate (HY-125818). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate (Cytidine triphosphate; 5'-CTP) is a nucleoside triphosphate and serves as a building block for nucleotides and nucleic acids, lipid biosynthesis. Cytidine triphosphate synthase can catalyze the formation of cytidine 5′-triphosphate from uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate is an essential biomolecule?in the de novo?pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in?T. gondii.
Cytidine-5'-triphosphate- 15N3,d14 (Cytidine triphosphate- 15N3,d14 dilithium; 5'-CTP- 15N3,d14) dilithium is deuterium and 15N labeled Cytidine-5'-triphosphate (HY-125818). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate (Cytidine triphosphate; 5'-CTP) is a nucleoside triphosphate and serves as a building block for nucleotides and nucleic acids, lipid biosynthesis. Cytidine triphosphate synthase can catalyze the formation of cytidine 5′-triphosphate from uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate is an essential biomolecule?in the de novo?pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in?T. gondii.
Cytidine-5'-triphosphate-d14 (Cytidine triphosphate-d14 dilithium; 5'-CTP-d14) dilithium is deuterium labeled Cytidine-5'-triphosphate (HY-125818). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate (Cytidine triphosphate; 5'-CTP) is a nucleoside triphosphate and serves as a building block for nucleotides and nucleic acids, lipid biosynthesis. Cytidine triphosphate synthase can catalyze the formation of cytidine 5′-triphosphate from uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate is an essential biomolecule?in the de novo?pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in?T. gondii.
PPOH, a fatty acid derivative, is a selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor that inhibits arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase activity in renal cortical microsomes. In addition, PPOH acts on CYP4A2 and CYP4A3 with the IC50 values of 22 μM and 6.5 μM, respectively . PPOH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
7-Octyn-1-ol is the precursor to 7-octynoic acid. 7-Octyn-1-ol oxidation results in 7-octynoic acid . 7-Octyn-1-ol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
N3-D-Dap(Fmoc)-OH is a click chemistry reagent. N3-D-Dap(Fmoc)-OH can be used as a component for coupling by click reaction and as an orthogonally protected diaminocarboxylic acid derivative .
Fmoc-Abg(N3)-OH is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Fmoc-Abg(N3)-OH has the potential to synthesize peptide nucleic acids (PNA) and peptoids.
L-Azidonorleucine hydrochloride, an unnatural amino acid, is A Methionine surrogate. L-Azidonorleucine hydrochloride can be used to label mammalian cell proteins and identify a diverse set of methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) mutants . L-Azidonorleucine (hydrochloride) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
16-Azidohexadecanoic acid, a synthetic fatty acid, can be used as a modification marker for nucleotides and a molecular probe for fatty acid metabolism . 16-Azidohexadecanoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, itcontains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
15-Azido-pentadecanoic acid is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Azido Palmitic Acid can be used to identify and characterize post-translationally palmitylated proteins with using a simple and robust two-step labeling and detection technique . 15-Azido-pentadecanoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
BDP TMR alkyne is an alkyne-containing click chemistry reagent that can click chemistry with azides. BDP TMR alkyne has the fluorophore BDP and can be used for oligonucleotide labeling and amino acid sequencing .
2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid ((±)-2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid), valproic acid (VPA) derivative, exhibits potential roles of HDAC inhibition (IC50=13 μM) and HSP70 induction. Potent neuroprotective effects. 2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid causes histone hyperacetylation and protect against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in cultured neurons . 2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
TAMRA alkyne, 6-isomer is a linker of TAMRA which is a xanthene dye with orange emission that is commonly used for oligonucleotide labeling and amino acid sequencing. The addition of the alkyne groups allows for it to be reacted with an azide for copper-catalyzed Click Chemistry .
N-ε-propargyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine (H-L-Lys(Poc)-OH) is a lysine-based unnatural amino acid (UAA). N-ε-propargyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine is widely used for bio-conjugation of fluorescent probes in diverse organisms from E. coli to mammalian cells even in animals . N-ε-propargyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
PrDiAzK is a bifunctional amino acid. PrDiAzK can be site-selectively incorporated into proteins in both bacterial and mammalian cell culture. PrDiAzK can be used for proteome-wide incorporation via stochastic orthogonal recoding of translation (SORT) . PrDiAzK is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Fmoc-L-Dap(Pentynoyl)-OH is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Fmoc-L-Dap(Pentynoyl)-OH serves as an amino acid building block for introducing alkyne functions into peptide sequences by standard Fmoc/tBu protocols. The alkyne residue can be engaged for copper catalyzed click reaction with organic azides or with tetrazines for copper-free conjugations . Fmoc-L-Dap(Pentynoyl)-OH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
9AzNue5Ac, 9-azido-9-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid, is a click chemistry reagent and a Neu5Ac analogue with the substitution of 9-hydroxyl group with an azide. 9AzNue5Ac could be metabolized and incorporated into sialoglycans in living cells and mice. Click chemistry has great potential for use in binding between nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and other molecules, and has been used in many research fields because of its beneficial characteristics, including high yield, high specificity, and simplicity .
(S)-2-Aminopent-4-ynoic acid is a synthetic amino acid. (S)-2-Aminopent-4-ynoic acid can be used in synthesis of folate-conjugates and corresponding metal-chelate complexes . (S)-2-Aminopent-4-ynoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
N6-Diazo-L-Fmoc-lysine is an active compand and can be used in a variety of chemical studies. N6-Diazo-L-Fmoc-lysine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
cis-Fmoc-Pro(4-N3)-OH is a proline derivative . cis-Fmoc-Pro(4-N3)-OH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
DL-Propargylglycine is a Glycine (HY-Y0966) derivative . DL-Propargylglycine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Fmoc-D-Pra-OH is a Glycine (HY-Y0966) derivative . Fmoc-D-Pra-OH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Fmoc-Pra-OH is a Glycine (HY-Y0966) derivative . Fmoc-Pra-OH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
(R)-2-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)pent-4-ynoic acid is a Glycine (HY-Y0966) derivative . (R)-2-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)pent-4-ynoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
(S)-2-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)pent-4-ynoic acid is a Glycine (HY-Y0966) derivative . (S)-2-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)pent-4-ynoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
3-Azido-L-alanine is an aliphatic functionalized amino acid with side chain lengths of up to four carbons . 3-Azido-L-alanine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
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